10 - Command, control and emergency management

Question 1

What is the threat assessment methodology that police use?

Describe it’s components.

Answer 1

Answer:
T. E. N. R

Threat - is assessed by any individual or act likely to cause harm or have the potential to hinder police

Exposure - is managed, including the potential for harm to people or the security of things

Necessity - to intervene immediately is considered. Consequence of now, later or not at all

Response - response is proportionate, and based on a considered assessment of threat, exposure and necessity.

Question 2

The terms “control” & “command” consist of what 3 elements?

Answer 2

Leadership
Control
Decision making

Question 3

What does the term control mean?

What does the term command mean?

Answer 3

Answer:
Control refers to the responsibility for coordinating and directing the response to the incident.
Sets priorities and objectives and determines how best to implement them

Answer:
Command includes leadership, control and effective decision making, and behaving lawfully and ethically with a prevention and crime focus

Question 4

The Police response to any given situation should be, what ?

Answer 4

Considered, Appropriate and Timely, it must consider the impact on Police and our partners. This applies to all Police whether a constable or not.

C. A. T

Question 5

When a “Controller” is appointed in an emergency management situation what is their role?

Answer 5

A controller is in control of the incident and they can only command staff within their OWN agency

Question 6

What are the scopes and function of command and control

Answer 6

Control operates horizontally between agencies

Command operates vertically within an organisation or one agency.

Question 7

What is vitally important for the Controller/Commander to do regarding KEY decisions

Answer 7

A controller / Commander should RECORD or DOCUMENT key decisions in the DECISION LOG

Question 8

Give 3 of the 7 examples of why Police use the Coordinated Incident Management System (CIMS) as its command and control model

Answer 8

It provides one model of command, control and coordination

It is consistent with and required in, any interagency response in NZ and national SOP’s

It is understood and practised by our multi agency partners

It is consistent with command, control and coordination SOP’s already in place (to national level)

It provides a platform for inter-operability with Australian Police jurisdictions

It is already known at all levels of Police and is the operating norm for front line (response) staff at emergency incidents

It does not require Police to learn and practice two models of command, control and coordination response

Question 9

Command and control environments

The Police Command and Control System will be utilised in a variety of environments including:

Answer 9

BUSINESS as usual
PLANNED operations
SPONTANEOUS operations.
CRITICAL & MAJOR incidents
Rising TIDE incidents

B.P.S.CM.R

Question 10

Police conduct duties within three specific command levels, what are they

Answer 10

• Tactical
• Operational
• Strategic

Question 11

What are functions undertaken by the tactical level commander

Answer 11

• Command of the inner cordon
• Command of the immediate situation
• Command of all police and resources within cordons
• Command within the intent provided by the Operational Commander and 
Strategic Commander (if one is appointed)
• Manage inter-agency coordination at the tactical level.

Question 12

What are the 5 functions undertaken by the operational level commander

Answer 12

• Command of the overall incident or incidents (including the overall police response)
• Command over resource distribution to support tactical commanders
• Command the response outside the area of tactical deployment (eg an AOS operation)
• Manage interagency coordination at the operational level
• Command the response within the Strategic Commander’s intent (if one is appointed).

Question 13

What are the 4 functions undertaken at the strategic command level

Answer 13

• Command the OVERALL police response
• Command MULTIPLE operational level activities (eg cross-district events)
• Command the COMMUNITY consultation response
• Provide a LIAISON between the Operation and the Police Executive, government, media and agencies

O. M. C. L

Question 14

What is the internationally recommended span of control depending on a complex incident or operation

Answer 14

Answer:
between 2 to 7 direct reports, depending on the complexity of the incident
There can be only one Command or Control structure or command and control authority at any one time

Question 15

What is an appreciation?

Answer 15

Answer:
And appreciation is a process for problem-solving and decision-making.
It follows a set process so that factors and alternatives are considered

Question 16

What does an appreciation allow the person or group making it do?

Answer 16

Answer:
Allows the design, planning, execution and adoption of actions within the operational environment.

Can be completed by individual or a planning team.

Should be written particularly for larger incidence of operations.

Allows for clear thoughts and logical reasoning by examining the whole situation.

Question 17

An outline plan does not need to be detailed but should contain sufficient information for the Controller or Commander who requested the operation to approve it.
An outline plan should cover what:

Answer 17

• Situation - the background to the operation
• Mission - generally a further development of the aim
• Execution - what is to be done, when will it be done, how is it to be done, where it is to be done, who will do it?

S.M.E.

Question 18

Operation Orders and the briefing of police personnel should be issued in what format.

Answer 18

GSMEAC consists of the key headings of:
• Ground
• Situation
• Mission
• Execution
• Administration and Logistics
• Command and Signals

Question 19

What is the The Appreciation Format used by New Zealand Police

Answer 19

• Aim
• Factors
• Courses of action
• Outline Plan.

“AFCO”.

Question 20

What does Sec86 of the Emergency Management Act 2002 permit, regarding the evacuation of premises and places

Answer 20

A Controller or any constable, or a person authorised by him or her may [direct], within the area or district in which the emergency is in force,—

(a) the evacuation of any premises or place, including any public place; or
(b) the exclusion of persons or vehicles from any premises or place, including any public place

Question 21

In relation to Emergency management, what is the definition of an “Emergency”

Answer 21

Emergency means a situation that—
(a) is the result of any happening, whether natural or otherwise, including, without limitation, any explosion, earthquake, eruption, tsunami, land movement, flood, storm, tornado, cyclone, serious fire, leakage or spillage of any dangerous gas or substance, technological failure, infestation, plague, epidemic,
failure of or disruption to an emergency service or a lifeline utility, or actual or imminent attack or warlike act; and
(b) causes or may cause loss of life or injury or illness or distress or in any way endangers the safety of the public or property in New Zealand or any part of New Zealand; and
(c) cannot be dealt with by emergency services, or otherwise requires a significant and co-ordinated response under this Act

Question 22

What does Section 87 EMA 2002 permit re: Entry on premises if a state of emergency is in force in any area,

Answer 22

A controller or a constable, or any person acting under their authority , may enter on, and if necessary break into, any premises or place within the area or district in respect of which the state of emergency is in force if he or she
believes on reasonable grounds that the action is necessary for—
(a) saving life, preventing injury, or rescuing and removing injured or endangered persons; or
(b) permitting or facilitating the carrying out of any urgent measure for the relief of suffering or distress

Question 23

What does Section 88 EMA 2002 permit re: closing roads and public places If a state of emergency is in force?

Answer 23

A Controller or a constable, or any person acting under them, may, totally or partially prohibit or restrict public access, with or without vehicles, to any road or public place within the area or district in respect of which the state of emergency is in force.

Question 24

What does section 89 of the Civil Defense Emergency Management Act 2002 allow a constable to do?

Answer 24

Answer:
With allows a controller or constable in order to prevent or limit the extent of the emergency remove from any place in the area or district in respect to where the state of emergency is in force,
Any aircraft, hovercraft, ship or ferry, other vessel, train or vehicle impeding civil defense emergency management and use force to break into that aircraft, hovercraft, ferry or vehicle

Question 25

What does section 90 of the Civil Defense Emergency Management Act 2002 allow a constable to do?

Answer 25

Answer:
It allows the controller or constable to direct the owner or person for the time being in control of any land, building, vehicle, animal, boat, apparatus, implement, is moving equipment, furniture, food etc to immediately place the property in his or her control and direction

Question 26

The designated incident controller should not be delegated control until they have had the opportunity to do what?

Answer 26

− establish an incident control point
− familiarise themselves with the incident and obtain a briefing
− formulate a response plan.

Question 27

In relation to operation orders explain GSMEAC?

Answer 27

Answer:
Consists of the key headings of:
Ground
Situation
Mission 
Execution
Administration and logistics
Command and signals

Question 28

Explain the elements in GSMEAC?

Answer 28

Answer:
Ground - covers overview of training make up of the area with the operation will be conducted.
It should include any risk or hazards relating to the area. E.g. lack of cover in approach to target

Situation - Covers summary and background regarding the police response so that start understand what is happening and why please ask and may be required

Mission - The aim of of the action being carried out

Execution - This outlines how the mission will be achieved. It will detail a single or a number of phrases and identify key tasks for persons involved in the operation

Administration and logistics - Outlines how the support functions will be carried out such as equipment, accommodation, transport, health and safety

Command and signals - Outlines various command and control elements supporting operational staff will communicate with each other and the commander/headquarters

Question 29

What does section 92 of the Civil Defense Emergency Management Act 2002 allow a constable to do?

Answer 29

Answer:
Allows a control or constable to examine, mark, seize, sample, secure, disinfect, or destroy any property, animal or any other thing in order to prevent or limit the extent of the emergency.

s93 requires the person exercising the power to have evidence of ID and produce evidence or give a general explanation that they have authority under which they are acting and or powers which they are exercising.

Question 30

For any situations broadcast over the radio, What is the sequence of information known as the 6 steps?

Answer 30

Answer:
Summary of incident, including weapons
Time delay
Direction of travel
Mode of travel
Description of offender/vehicles
Additional relevant information (hazards, weapons etc)

S.T.D.M.D.A.