10: Civil Rights Campaign

Question 1

What was the Civil Rights Act (1964) about?

Answer 1

It made illegal to discriminate against people in housing and employment**

Question 2

What was the aim of the Voting rights marches in 1965?

Answer 2

• To persuade others to register to vote
• To challenge the intimidation tactics used to stop African-Americans from registering to vote

Question 3

What was the effect of the bus boycotts?

Answer 3

The bus company’s profit fell by 65%

Question 4

What Assocation was MLK the 1st leader of?

Answer 4

MIA

Question 5

What was the Brown v. Board case about?

Answer 5

It was about how Linda Brown had to travel several km to a black school crossing dangerous roads(I.e. train tracks) when there was a white school nearby

Question 6

What was the outcome of the Brown v. Board case?

Answer 6

1954, the Supreme Court ruled that the school segregation was unconstitutional, so laws had to change BUT did not set any time frame for laws to change

Question 7

What was the main impact of the Brown v. Board case?

Answer 7

It led to more pressure + focus on desegragtion campaigns

Question 8

What shows the Brown v. Board did not have that much of an impact?

Answer 8

Schools were still segregated, e.g., Little Rock, Arkansas

Question 9

Who brought the Brown v. Board case to the Supreme Court?

Answer 9

THE NAACP

Question 10

What is Little Rock Nine about?

Answer 10

1957, Supreme Court ORDERED the Governor of Arkansas, Faubus, to let 9 African-Ametricans attend a white school in Little Rock

Question 11

What was the Little Rock Crisis?

Answer 11

Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas, did not allow Little Rock Nine into the school as he believed he could not keep the children safe

Question 12

What was the response to Little Rock Nine?

Answer 12

Eisenhower sent federal troops to accompany the 9 students to school every day for 6 weeks

Question 13

How long did the federal troops help Little Rock Nine?

Answer 13

SIX weeks

Question 14

What is significant about Little Rock Crisis?

Answer 14

Showed the gov. were willing to protect African Americans - as Eisenhower sent federal troops to protect Little Rock Nine

Showed government wanted to abide by the Constitution - as segregation was deemed as unconstitutional in 1954 after Brown v. Board

Question 15

What is Brown v. Board also known as?

Answer 15

Brown v. Topeka

Question 16

How did Brown v. Board case help Little Rock Nine?

Answer 16

It made desgregration unconstitutional. Hence, African Americans were allowed to go to white schools, which is why Little Rock Nine had the right to go the white school

Question 17

Civil Rights Campaign: What happened in December 1955?

Answer 17

Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white man on the bus

Question 18

What was the impact of Rosa Parks actions?

Answer 18

It led to the MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association)

Question 19

What did the MIA do?

Answer 19

Organised bus boycotts + carpools

Question 20

What was the impact of the Montgomery Bus Boycotts?

Answer 20

Dec 1956 Supreme Court decided that segregation on buses was unconstitutional

Bus company there lost 65% of its income

Question 21

What key things was Martin Luther King part of? [4 Things]

Answer 21

• leader of MIA
• founder of SCLC
• Selma Voting Rights March
• March in Washington

Question 22

What did the March in Washington lead to?

Answer 22

Helped unite coloured + white people - as 50,000 white people attended

Civil Rights Act passed a year after

Question 23

What was the Civil Rights Act? When was it passed?

Answer 23

1964 - made it illegal to discriminate in housing + employment

Question 24

When was the March in Washington?

Answer 24

1963

Question 25

What was the impact of the **Selma Voting Rights March (1965)**?

Answer 25

Voting Rights Act - removed literacy tests as a qualification need to vote After 1965, 5 MAJOR CITIES (such as Michigan) have BLACK mayors

Question 26

By Martin Luther King's efforts, what laws were passed?

Answer 26

Civil Rights Act(1964) - illegal to discrimination in housing + employment etc Voting Rights Act(1965) - removed literacy tests as a qualification needed to vote

Question 27

What is Bloody Sunday?;

Answer 27

When 600 people who were marching from Selma to Montgomery were brutally attacked by State troopers

Question 28

What did the SNCC do?

Answer 28

Organises sit-ins in white only spaces (especially restaurants) as e.g. Woolworths lunch counter only had seats for whites

Question 29

What was the impact of Sit-ins?

Answer 29

End of 1960 - lunch counters desgregrated in 126 cities

Question 30

By end of 1960, how many cities had desgregrated lunch counters?

Answer 30

126 cities

Question 31

What happened in Greensboro?

Answer 31

SNCC held **sit-ins**

Question 32

Who was Malcom X?

Answer 32

A black separatist who led the Nation of Islam *separatist means he wanted Africsn Americans to set up their own state*

Question 33

What did the Black Panthers believe?

Answer 33

That black people should ARM themselves and FORCE white people to give them EQUAL RIGHTS

Question 34

What impact did Malcom X/ violent protests have on the Civil Rights Campaign?

Answer 34

Put some people off Gained media attention - in newspapers, Mohammed Ali and Malcom X's 'Ballot **or the** Bullets' speech was publicised Led to race riots - clashes between Black Americans and police (9 police officers died)

Question 35

What were Freedom ride(1961)?

Answer 35

Groups of black and white STUDENTS travel by bud into areas that were ignoring the order to desgregrate

Question 36

What laws of the 1960s showed progress in the Civil Rights Campaign?

Answer 36

Civil Rights Act (1964 + 1968) Voting Rights Act (1965)

Question 37

What is the Black Power Movement?

Answer 37

Violent protesting of radical black groups. Included Malcolm X and Black Panthers

Question 38

So **how many years** after **'segregation was made unconstitutional'** was an **actual law** protecting the rights of African Americans passed?

Answer 38

10 years