1.0. Cell Anatomy Flashcards
Hierarchy of our body
- Chemical Level
- Organelle level
- Cellular Level
- Tissue Level
- Organ Level
- Organ/System Level
- Organism
Chemical Level
- Simplest level
- Deals with the body’s chemistry involving atoms and molecules
Organelle Level
- Molecules work together as organelles to perform specific functions
- Mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi complexes
Cellular Level
Organelles work together to perform specific functions for a cell
Cell
Basic unit of life
Tissue Level
Different tissues work together to perform particular functions at an organ level
Organ Level
Stomach, Liver, Lungs
Organ/System Level
Organs work together at the systems level to perform functions like digestion and respiration
Organism
- A human being
- Most complex level
Organism
- A human being
- Most complex level
Cell Membrane
- Separates the extracellular fluid from the intracellular fluid
- Controls the entrance and exit of substances
- Made up of phospholipid bilayer
Cytoplasm
Cellular contents between plasma membrane & nucleus
2 Components of Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Organelles
Cytoskeleton
- Has protein filaments which includes:
MICROFILAMENTS (smallest in diameter)
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
MICROTUBLES (largest in diameter) - Maintains share, general organization & cell integrity
- Responsible for the movement of the cell.
Centrosome
Pericentriolar area plus paired centrioles
Centriole
- Made up of 9 + 0 array of microtubules
- There are 9 triplets of microtubules and none at the center
Cilia and Flagella
- Motile cell surface projections
- Made up of 9 + 2 array of microtubules which are present in centrioles
Cilia
Ensures steady flow of fluid along the cell’s surface
Flagella
Moves entire cell
Ribosome
- Not considered as organelle
- Composed of rRNA and many ribosomal proteins
- High content of ribonucleic acid
2 Forms of Ribosomes
FREE RIBOSOMES - Synthesize proteins that remain dissolve in the cytosol, and can become bound
BOUND RIBOSOMES - Synthesize membrane and secretory proteins, and can become free
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Membranous network of flattened sacs and tubules
2 Forms of Endoplasmic Reticulum
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC - Synthesize proteins for secretion forms new membranes
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC - Synthesize CHO, phospholipids, fats & steroids for detoxification
Golgi Complex
- Also known as “Golgiosome, Dictyosome”
- Flattened membranous sacs
- Modifies, sorts, packages and transport products received from Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Forms secretory vesicles & peroxisomes
Lysosomes
- Known as the Digesting center.
- Membrane enclosed vesicles of 40 different kinds of hydrolytic enzymes.
- Has Acidic pH which makes it capable of:
PHAGOCYTOSIS (intracellular digestion)
AUTOPHAGY (cell-digestion)
AUTOLYSIS (cell-distraction)
Peroxisomes
- Formed by division of pre-existing peroxisomes
- Also called Microbodies
- Contains enzymes that can oxidize organic substances, amino acids and fatty acids; toxic substances
- Contains catalase that decomposes H2O2
Mitochondria
- Shoe or sausage-shaped organelles that is bounded by two membranes:
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane folds: Cristae - Powerhouse of the cell because it generate ATP
Nucleus
- Control center of the cell
- Spherical / oval shaped most prominent
- Surrounded by a nuclear envelope
- Controls cellular structure
- Directs cellular activities
Chromatin
- Loose network of bumpy threads found in the nucleus
- Forms chromosomes in a dividing cell
Nucleolus
- Small, dark-staining round bodies
- Site for ribosome assembly
