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[ MT632 Lec ] Human Anatomy and Physiology with Pathophysiology > 1.0. Cell Anatomy > Flashcards

1.0. Cell Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Hierarchy of our body

A
  1. Chemical Level
  2. Organelle level
  3. Cellular Level
  4. Tissue Level
  5. Organ Level
  6. Organ/System Level
  7. Organism
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2
Q

Chemical Level

A
  • Simplest level

- Deals with the body’s chemistry involving atoms and molecules

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3
Q

Organelle Level

A
  • Molecules work together as organelles to perform specific functions
  • Mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi complexes
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4
Q

Cellular Level

A

Organelles work together to perform specific functions for a cell

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5
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of life

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6
Q

Tissue Level

A

Different tissues work together to perform particular functions at an organ level

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7
Q

Organ Level

A

Stomach, Liver, Lungs

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8
Q

Organ/System Level

A

Organs work together at the systems level to perform functions like digestion and respiration

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9
Q

Organism

A
  • A human being

- Most complex level

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10
Q

Organism

A
  • A human being

- Most complex level

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11
Q

Cell Membrane

A
  • Separates the extracellular fluid from the intracellular fluid
  • Controls the entrance and exit of substances
  • Made up of phospholipid bilayer
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12
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cellular contents between plasma membrane & nucleus

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13
Q

2 Components of Cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

Organelles

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14
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • Has protein filaments which includes:
    MICROFILAMENTS (smallest in diameter)
    INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
    MICROTUBLES (largest in diameter)
  • Maintains share, general organization & cell integrity
  • Responsible for the movement of the cell.
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15
Q

Centrosome

A

Pericentriolar area plus paired centrioles

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16
Q

Centriole

A
  • Made up of 9 + 0 array of microtubules

- There are 9 triplets of microtubules and none at the center

17
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A
  • Motile cell surface projections

- Made up of 9 + 2 array of microtubules which are present in centrioles

18
Q

Cilia

A

Ensures steady flow of fluid along the cell’s surface

19
Q

Flagella

A

Moves entire cell

20
Q

Ribosome

A
  • Not considered as organelle
  • Composed of rRNA and many ribosomal proteins
  • High content of ribonucleic acid
21
Q

2 Forms of Ribosomes

A

FREE RIBOSOMES - Synthesize proteins that remain dissolve in the cytosol, and can become bound
BOUND RIBOSOMES - Synthesize membrane and secretory proteins, and can become free

22
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Membranous network of flattened sacs and tubules

23
Q

2 Forms of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC - Synthesize proteins for secretion forms new membranes
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC - Synthesize CHO, phospholipids, fats & steroids for detoxification

24
Q

Golgi Complex

A
  • Also known as “Golgiosome, Dictyosome”
  • Flattened membranous sacs
  • Modifies, sorts, packages and transport products received from Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Forms secretory vesicles & peroxisomes
25
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • Known as the Digesting center.
  • Membrane enclosed vesicles of 40 different kinds of hydrolytic enzymes.
  • Has Acidic pH which makes it capable of:
    PHAGOCYTOSIS (intracellular digestion)
    AUTOPHAGY (cell-digestion)
    AUTOLYSIS (cell-distraction)
26
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • Formed by division of pre-existing peroxisomes
  • Also called Microbodies
  • Contains enzymes that can oxidize organic substances, amino acids and fatty acids; toxic substances
  • Contains catalase that decomposes H2O2
27
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • Shoe or sausage-shaped organelles that is bounded by two membranes:
    Outer Mitochondrial Membrane
    Inner Mitochondrial Membrane folds: Cristae
  • Powerhouse of the cell because it generate ATP
28
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Control center of the cell
  • Spherical / oval shaped most prominent
  • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope
  • Controls cellular structure
  • Directs cellular activities
29
Q

Chromatin

A
  • Loose network of bumpy threads found in the nucleus

- Forms chromosomes in a dividing cell

30
Q

Nucleolus

A
  • Small, dark-staining round bodies

- Site for ribosome assembly

[ MT632 Lec ] Human Anatomy and Physiology with Pathophysiology (3 decks)

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