1.0. Cell Anatomy

Question 1

Hierarchy of our body

Answer 1

1. Chemical Level
2. Organelle level
3. Cellular Level
4. Tissue Level
5. Organ Level
6. Organ/System Level
7. Organism

Question 2

Chemical Level

Answer 2

• Simplest level

- Deals with the body’s chemistry involving atoms and molecules

Question 3

Organelle Level

Answer 3

• Molecules work together as organelles to perform specific functions
• Mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi complexes

Question 4

Cellular Level

Answer 4

Organelles work together to perform specific functions for a cell

Question 5

Cell

Answer 5

Basic unit of life

Question 6

Tissue Level

Answer 6

Different tissues work together to perform particular functions at an organ level

Question 7

Organ Level

Answer 7

Stomach, Liver, Lungs

Question 8

Organ/System Level

Answer 8

Organs work together at the systems level to perform functions like digestion and respiration

Question 9

Organism

Answer 9

• A human being

- Most complex level

Question 10

Organism

Answer 10

• A human being

- Most complex level

Question 11

Cell Membrane

Answer 11

• Separates the extracellular fluid from the intracellular fluid
• Controls the entrance and exit of substances
• Made up of phospholipid bilayer

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

Cellular contents between plasma membrane & nucleus

Question 13

2 Components of Cytoplasm

Answer 13

Cytosol

Organelles

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

• Has protein filaments which includes:
  MICROFILAMENTS (smallest in diameter)
  INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
  MICROTUBLES (largest in diameter)
• Maintains share, general organization & cell integrity
• Responsible for the movement of the cell.

Question 15

Centrosome

Answer 15

Pericentriolar area plus paired centrioles

Question 16

Centriole

Answer 16

• Made up of 9 + 0 array of microtubules

- There are 9 triplets of microtubules and none at the center

Question 17

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 17

• Motile cell surface projections

- Made up of 9 + 2 array of microtubules which are present in centrioles

Question 18

Cilia

Answer 18

Ensures steady flow of fluid along the cell’s surface

Question 19

Flagella

Answer 19

Moves entire cell

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

• Not considered as organelle
• Composed of rRNA and many ribosomal proteins
• High content of ribonucleic acid

Question 21

2 Forms of Ribosomes

Answer 21

FREE RIBOSOMES - Synthesize proteins that remain dissolve in the cytosol, and can become bound
BOUND RIBOSOMES - Synthesize membrane and secretory proteins, and can become free

Question 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 22

Membranous network of flattened sacs and tubules

Question 23

2 Forms of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 23

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC - Synthesize proteins for secretion forms new membranes
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC - Synthesize CHO, phospholipids, fats & steroids for detoxification

Question 24

Golgi Complex

Answer 24

• Also known as “Golgiosome, Dictyosome”
• Flattened membranous sacs
• Modifies, sorts, packages and transport products received from Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Forms secretory vesicles & peroxisomes

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

- Known as the Digesting center. - Membrane enclosed vesicles of 40 different kinds of hydrolytic enzymes. - Has Acidic pH which makes it capable of: PHAGOCYTOSIS (intracellular digestion) AUTOPHAGY (cell-digestion) AUTOLYSIS (cell-distraction)

Question 26

Peroxisomes

Answer 26

- Formed by division of pre-existing peroxisomes - Also called Microbodies - Contains enzymes that can oxidize organic substances, amino acids and fatty acids; toxic substances - Contains catalase that decomposes H2O2

Question 27

Mitochondria

Answer 27

- Shoe or sausage-shaped organelles that is bounded by two membranes: Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Inner Mitochondrial Membrane folds: Cristae - Powerhouse of the cell because it generate ATP

Question 28

Nucleus

Answer 28

- Control center of the cell - Spherical / oval shaped most prominent - Surrounded by a nuclear envelope - Controls cellular structure - Directs cellular activities

Question 29

Chromatin

Answer 29

- Loose network of bumpy threads found in the nucleus | - Forms chromosomes in a dividing cell

Question 30

Nucleolus

Answer 30

- Small, dark-staining round bodies | - Site for ribosome assembly