Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD4001 Week 1 > 10. Brain stem overview and cranial nerve nuclei > Flashcards

10. Brain stem overview and cranial nerve nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

Diencephalon made up of…

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the brainstem lie?

A

IN the posterior cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Relations of the brainstem?

A

Anterior:

  • Clivus
  • Nerves & vessels

Posterior:
- Cerebellum & attachments

Inferiorly:
-Foramen magnum & spinal
cord

Superiorly:
-Tentorium & diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What forms the structural link between the cerebellum and the brainstem?

A 
Midbrain- Superior cerebellar
peduncle (SCP)
Pons- Middle cerebellar
peduncle (MCP)
Medulla- Inferior cerebellar
peduncle (ICP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which 3 structures link to brainstem?

A

Cerebellum
Spinal cord
Cerebral hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are the 4 nuclei of the brain stem classified?

A
  1. Motor co-ordination
  2. Reticular formation
  3. Vital & non-vital centres
  4. Cranial nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
What are the main tracts with the following functions:
Pain/temperature
Proprioception and stereognosis
Light touch
Unconscious proprioception
Motor
A

Pain/temperature: Spinothalamic tract
Proprioception and stereognosis: Posterior columns
Light touch: Posterior columns and spinothalamix
Unconscious proprioception: Spinocerebellar
Motor: Corticospinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do the increased reflexes of UMP lesions present?

A

Loss of:

  • UL extension
  • LL flexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the sensory cranial nerves?

A

Olfactory CN I
Optic CN 2
Vestibulocochlear CN 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which are the motor cranial nerves?

A 
Oculomotor CN 3
Trochlear CN 4
Abducens CN 6
Accessory CN 11
Hypoglossal CN 12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which are the mixed cranial nerves?

A

Trigeminal CN 5
Facial CN 7
Glossopharyngeal CN 9
Vagus CN 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CN I?

A

Olfactory CN I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CN 2

A

Optic CN 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CN 3

A

Oculomotor CN 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CN4

A

Trochlear CN 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CN5

A

Trigeminal CN 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CN6

A

Abducens CN 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CN7

A

Facial CN 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CN8

A

Vestibulocochlear CN 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CN9

A

Glossopharyngeal CN 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CN10

A

Vagus CN 10

22
Q

CN11

A

Accessory CN 11

23
Q

CN12

A

Hypoglossal CN 12

24
Q

A brainstem lesion will usually produce ____ effects

A

ipsilateral

25
Q

How many CNs are from midbrain, pons and medulla?

A

Midbrain- 1-4
Pons- 5-8
Medulla- 9-12

26
Q

Which CNs control the orbital muscles?

A

CN3 (Oculomotor)
CN 4 (Trochlear)
CN6 (Abducens)

27
Q

Which CN controls the tongue?

A

Facial CN7

28
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve (CN 5) orginate from?

A

From the posterior horn of the spinal cord to the midbrain

29
Q

What are the 3 nuclei of the trigeminal nerve and what do they detect?

A
  1. The mesencephalic nucleus: Proprioception
  2. The chief sensory nucleus (or “pontine nucleus” or “main sensory nucleus” or “primary nucleus”): For discriminative touch
  3. The spinal trigeminal nucleus: for pain and temperature detection

Hence overall the trigeminal is responsible for the head’s somatic sensation

30
Q

Where does the chief sensory nucleus receive it’s inputs from?

A

Most of the sensory information crosses the midline and travels to the contralateral ventral posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the VENTRAL trigeminothalamic tract.

However, information of the ORAL CAVITY travels to the ipsilateral Ventral Posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the DORSAL trigeminothalamic tract.

31
Q

What is the difference between the ambiguous and solitarius nucleus?

A

aMbiguous = Motor (somatic motor: speech, swallowing)

Solitarius = Sensory (visceral sensory: taste, gag, involuntary reflexes)

32
Q

What is the result of the sympathetic output of the hypothalamus?
Brainstem lesion will produce an ipsilateral…

A

Facial sweating, eyelid elevation, vasomotor and pupil dilation
A brainstem lesion will produce an ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome

33
Q

Lesions at which location could cause horner’s syndrome?

A

Of the spinal root of D1
Of the cervical cord
Of the cervical sympathetic chain
Of the pathway in postero-lateral brainstem

34
Q

Name 3 special sensations? and the CNs responsible for them?

A

hearing, balance and sight

CN VIII/8 Vestibulocochlear
CN II/2 Optic

35
Q

Name 2 descending tracts?

A

Motor: Corticobulbar and corticospinal

Sympathetic

36
Q

Name 3 asecnding tracts

A

Spino cerebellar
Spino thalamic
Medial lemniscus

37
Q

Name 2 linking tracts?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

38
Q

Where do the motor tracts cross?

A

Corticobulbar: at the level of the CN they want to innervate. Some do not decussate.

Corticospinal: 90% cross in the medulla

Hence a brainstem lesion in this pathway will produce contralateral UMN signs

39
Q

What is the medial lemniscus?

Brainstem relation?

A

An axon tract originating in the cuneate and gracile nuclei, at the junction between the spinal cord and brainstem, and ascending to the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. This lemniscus is a middle link in the circuit carrying somatic sensory information from the body to the primary sensory cortex.
Brainstem is positioned mainly medially

40
Q

Function of the medial lemniscus?

Effect of brainstem lesion?

A

Carry proprioception (JPS) + touch sensation to thalamus

A brainstem lesion affecting the medial lemniscus will cause a contralateral loss of JPS

41
Q

What is the spinal equivalence of the medial lemniscus?

A

Continuation fo the dorsal column

42
Q

What is the spinal equivalence of the spinal lemniscus?

A

Continuation of the spino-thalamic tract

43
Q

Function of the spinal lemniscus?

A

Carries pain, temperature and course touch to thalamus
Fibres synapse and cross over in the spinal cord
Ascend through the brainstem

44
Q

Brainstem position in relation ot the spinal lemniscus?

A

Laterally (Side?)

45
Q

Result of brainstem lesion i the spinal lemniscus?

A

Will cause a contalateral loss of pain and temperature

46
Q

Function of the spino-cerebellar tract?

A

-Carries proprioceptirove information to the cerebellum
Lower body via the posterior spino-cerebellar
Upper body via the cuneo cerebellar

47
Q

Lesion in the spino-cerebellar tract produces…

A

ipsilateral defect in proprioception

48
Q

Which is the first pathway to demyelinate in MS?

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

–> Presents as inability to adduct eyes normally (slowed)

49
Q

Name 3 tracts medial to the brainstem?

A

Medial lemniscus
Motor tracts- Somatic
Medial longitudinal fasciculus

50
Q

Name 3 tracts at the side of the brainstem?

A

Spinocerebellar
Spinothalamic
Sympathetic

MD4001 Week 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions