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10 Biological Influences_1 2016 > 10 Biological Influences_1 2016 > Flashcards

10 Biological Influences_1 2016 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal,occipital, parietal, temporal

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2
Q

What area of the brain is the frontal lobe located in?

A

Front

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3
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Emotional control centre and home to our personality

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4
Q

What happens if you damage your frontal lobe

A

Difficulty interpreting feedback from the environment

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5
Q

What area of the brain is the parietal lobe located in?

A

Mid section/middle

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6
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensation, perception, integrating sensory input primarily with the visual system. Also in charge of cognition

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7
Q

What happens if you damage your parietal lobe?

A

Have difficulty reading, recognizing people and objects. Not having awareness of his or her own body and limbs and their positioning in space.

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8
Q

What area of the brain is the occipital lobe located in?

A

Base

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9
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual processing

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10
Q

What happens if you damage your occipital lobe?

A

Affect of vision of field of view

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11
Q

What area of the brain are the Temporal lobes located in?

A

Sides

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12
Q

What is the functions of the temporal lobes?

A

High level auditory processing, primary to auditory perception such as hearing. Also holds the primary auditory cortex. Memory skills are also controlled by temporal lobes

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13
Q

What happens if you damage your temporal lobes

A

Impaired memory, language can be affected, changes in personality, paranoia and aggressive behavior, can also affect sexual behavior.

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14
Q

What type of mental injury makes brocas aphasia occur?

A

Stroke

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15
Q

What is the sense that is destroyed of brocas aphasia? i.e hearing

A

Speech

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16
Q

Identify the structure of the midbrain

A

The midbrain is in the centre of the brainstem, it is the smallest section of the brain and is connected to the nervous system.

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17
Q

Determine the functions of the midbrain

A

The midbrain’s functions include: temperature regulation, motor control, sleep cycle regulation, and influences with arousal, hearing and vision.

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18
Q

Create an example of when the midbrain is used

A

For example, if your hand touches something hot, the midbrain tells the brain that the hand needs to be pulled away from the danger; this is because the midbrain is part of the nervous system.

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19
Q

Identify the structure of the forebrain

A

The forebrain is in the anterior or front of the brain, and it includes the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus and the hypothalamus.

20
Q

Determine the functions of the forebrain

A

The forebrain’s functions include: processing cognitive, auditory, sensory and visual information, as well as memory, emotions, and sleeping patterns.

21
Q

Create an example of when the forebrain is used

A

For example, if you smell a rose, your forebrain will process the electrical message and your nose will be able to smell the scent.

22
Q

Identify the structure of the hindbrain

A

The hindbrain is in the exterior or lower section of the brain, and it comprises of the cerebellum, the pons and the medulla.

23
Q

Determine the functions of the hindbrain.

A

The hindbrain’s functions include: processing thought, memory, sensory input, sexual arousal, and vital bodily functions, such as heartbeat, breathing and digestion.

24
Q

Create an example of when the hindbrain is used

A

For example, when you choke on your food, your hindbrain sends an electrical message and allows you to cough as a reflex.

25
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system

A

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

26
Q

What is the structure and function of the central nervous system?

A

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. They act as the control centre, receiving messages from all parts of the body, examining the information received, and then sending out messages to tell parts of the body what do to.

27
Q

What is the structure and function of the peripheral nervous system?

A

The peripheral nervous system is made up of sensory receptors and nerves. These continuously inform the CNS of changing conditions, and transmit the decisions made by the CNS to effector organs.

28
Q

Identify and define what transmits messages through the nervous system?

A

The messages are passed through the system by neurons (nerve cells). These are specialised cells which transmit and receive messages in the form of electrical impulses.

29
Q

State the type of energy conversion carried out by receptors in the retina of your eye.

A

Light to electrical

30
Q

State the type of energy conversion carried out by your tongue.

A

Chemical to electrical

31
Q

What is the function of neurotransmitters?

A

Carries messages across synapses

32
Q

Throughout the nervous system there are small gaps, called______, between neurons.

A

Synapse

33
Q

How does a synapse work?

A

When the impulse reaches a synapse, the message is carried across the gap by neurotransmitters and then the neurotransmitter brakes down.

34
Q

What is a reflex action

A

An involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

35
Q

Describe the sequence of events in a reflex action.

A
  1. A stimulus, such as a bright light is shone in your eye
  2. Receptors detect a change
  3. An impulse is sent along a sensory neuron to the spinal cord
  4. An impulse is sent along a motor neuron to the muscle
  5. Muscles contract
36
Q

Name the three different types of neurons.

A

Sensory neuron, motor neuron and relay neuron

37
Q

What are the functions of the sensory neurons?

A

The sensory neuron receives and converts stimuli (heat and light) into electrical impulses and sends them to the brain

38
Q

What are the functions of the motor neuron?

A

The motor neuron sends information away from the brain to the effector organs.

39
Q

What are the functions of the interneuron?

A

The interneuron gets the information from the sensory neuron and sends it to the CNS, and then it gets the information again from the brain and sends it to the motor neuron.

40
Q

What’s the difference between motor and sensory neuron structures?

A

Motor neurons have a cell body at the head of the neuron with dendrites.

Sensory neuron a cell body but in the middle of the neuron with no dendrites

41
Q

What’s the difference between the functions of the motor and sensory neuron?

A

The sensory neuron receives and converts stimuli into electrical impulses and sends this information to the CNS, while the motor neuron sends the information away from the CNS to the effector organs.

42
Q

Name the different parts of a neuron

A

nucleus, dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon knobs

43
Q

What are synapses?

A

They are the area between the neurons, that convert electrical impulses into chemicals called neurotransmitters

44
Q

What are the two advantages of having a myelin sheath

A
  • it speeds up the transmission

- Insulates and protects the neuron

45
Q

What are the functions of Wernicke’s area?

A

Language comprehension and understanding

46
Q

What happens when Wernicke’s area is damaged (Wernicke’s aphasia)

A

They speak in incoherent sentences (sentences that don’t make sense and the use of wrong words)

10 Biological Influences_1 2016 (1 decks)

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