10 assumptions of the scientific method

Question 1

Rationality

Answer 1

The presumption of a linear, cause-effect, logical, material (physical factors rather than abstract) understanding of phenomena. This way of thinking is highly valued when presenting and accepting arguments and generating data.

Question 2

Nomothetic Laws

Answer 2

The search for general rules or laws that apply to widespread and diverse situations and populations. This comes from an identification and admiration for the physical sciences

Question 3

Objectivity

Answer 3

The assumptions that we can identify and understand immutable (Unchanging over time) aspects of realty in a detached way, unbiased by human senses and knowledge

Question 4

Male Dominance

Answer 4

History of male dominated research that favored particular topics, methods and populations of studies. These topics often left out important topics that affected women

Question 5

Quantification/Measurement

Answer 5

The idea that if something can be studied then it should be measured. “If something exists, it can be measured” - Edward Thorndike. The idea that if something cannot be measured it is not appropriate for study. Leading to operationalism (a variable is defined by the researcher and a way of measurement is developed for the research) as the standard for assessing concepts.

Question 6

Materialism

Answer 6

Favor’s of variables for study that have tangible existence rather than abstract (higher order construct) - I can see it and touch it under a microscope

Question 7

Scientism

Answer 7

The belief that methods of physical sciences can be applied to social and behavioral phenomena, which results in spurious (fake, not what it claims to be) methods and conclusions that are inappropriate and avoid important subjects.

Question 8

Experiment-based empiricism

Answer 8

There is an emphasis on experiments with control and experimental groups for comparison. They use ANOVA (analysis of variance) that account for 5-10% of variance within the analysis. labs are favored for this type of study

Question 9

Reductionism

Answer 9

This means that scientists like to break down big things into smaller parts that are easier to study. They like to do experiments where they can control everything and see how these small parts work

Question 10

Individuality

Answer 10

Refers to when we study how people behave, we focus on each person as an individual. We believe the reasons for their behavior’s comes from their own thoughts and feelings, not just from the world around them.