1.0: aspects and actors of globalisation

Question 1

what is globalisation?

Answer 1

the integration of economies, industries, markets, cultures worldwide which have become interconnected and interdependent through trade, communication, immigration and transportation.

Question 2

what are the 3 aspects of globalisation?

Answer 2

political, economic and social

Question 3

what is political globalisation?

Answer 3

• increasing global cooperation between countries to deal with global issues that cannot be done alone.
• international or regional laws, or treaties, that countries have agreed to follow. eg: the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, involves almost every country in the world and aims to collectively address global warming
  actors:
  1) IGOs, UN on global issues, setting global standards and resolutions that member states are expected to abide by
  2) NGOs, human rights organisations like Amnesty Int, exert pressure on governments to change policies
  3) MNCs, have significant political influence across countries, their influence can shape policies and sway elections

Question 4

what is economic globalisation?

Answer 4

• interconnectedness of countries and regions through a globalised economic system of international trade and the movement of goods, capital, resources and services across borders
  eg: North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), between US, Mexico and Canada which lowered trade barriers and fostered economic ties between these countries
  actors:
  1) IGOs, WTO helped countries negotiate int. trade agreements
  2) MNCs, drive the flow of capital, technology and resources since they have operations in multiple countries, Apple designs their products in US, manufactures parts in China and assembles them in China/India

Question 5

what is social globalisation?

Answer 5

• interconnectedness of people, cultures, societies which are influenced by eachother through the sharing of ideas and information
• spread of culture driven by immigration and tech. advancements, which allows people to interact, share their experiences and adopt cultural elements from different parts of the world.
• cultural exchange of music, food, etc like Kpop music
  actors: MNCs, social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook.

Question 6

what are the actors of globalisation?

Answer 6

1) nation states
- politically organised territory administered by a sovereign govt, aims to protect and further its own economic and political interests
- eg, US, China, Aus
2) non-state actors
- organisations independent of govt but still have significant political influence
IGOs: include members from many countries, they make laws and agreements, UN, EU, WTO
NGOs: focus on issues, Amnesty Int, Human RIghts Watch
MNCs: Apple, Hyundai,