10: Anatomy 4 - larynx Flashcards by Ross Wilson

What part of the respiratory tract is found above the trachea?

Larynx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The larynx is a series of ___ joined by connective tissues and moved by muscles.

cartilages

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The larynx is found between the ___ and the ___.

pharynx

trachea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscles, found in the pretrachial fascia, act as accessory muscles of breathing?

Strap muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the four strap muscles of the neck?

Sternothyroid

Sternohyoid

Thyrohyoid

Omohyoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What part of the pharynx is found posterior to the larynx?

Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What blood vessels are found to either side of the larynx?

Common carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

At which vertebral level is the hyoid bone found?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

At which vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage found?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

At which vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage found?

Same level as cricopharyngeus (START OF THE OESOPHAGUS)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the first palpable spinous process?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which directions do the larynx and epiglottis move to prevent aspiration into the respiratory tract?

Larynx moves UP

Epiglottis moves DOWN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which bone are the cartilages of the larynx suspended from?

Hyoid bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which bone is found at the top of the larynx?

Hyoid bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which membrane is found between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage?

Thyrohyoid membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are three notable parts of the thyroid cartilage?

Superior horn

Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

Inferior horn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the four important cartilages of the larynx?

Epiglottis

Thyroid cartilage

Arytenoid cartilages (posteriorly)

Cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cartilage make up the

a) epiglottis
b) thyroid cartilage
c) arytenoid cartilages
d) cricoid cartilage?

a) Elastic cartilage

b) c) d) All hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which joint connects the

a) thyroid and cricoid cartilages
b) arytenoid and cricoid cartilages?

a) Cricothyroid joint

important landmark - where recurrent laryngeal nerve becomes inferior laryngeal nerve

b) Cricoarytenoid joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What shape is the 1st tracheal ring?

C-shaped

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which part of the cricoid cartilage compresses the oesophagus when you press on it?

Lamina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the inlet of the larynx called?

Aditus

to make things even more confusing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two types of vocal fold found in the larynx?

False vocal cord

True vocal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What must a vocal fold be covered in to be called a vocal cord?

Squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the origin and insertion of the **true vocal cords**?

**Vocal processes** of **arytenoid cartilages** ## Footnote **Thyroid cartilage**

What are the two important **ligaments** of the larynx?

**Vestibular ligament** **Vocal ligament**

What is the **membrane** running between the **epiglottis** and **vestibular ligament**?

**Quadrangular membrane**

What is the **membrane** running between the **vocal ligament** and the **cricoid cartilage**?

**Conus elasticus**

Which **membranes** join the a) hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage b) epiglottis and vestibular ligament c) vocal ligament and cricoid cartilage?

**a) Thyrohyoid membrane** **b) Quadrangular membrane** **c) Conus elasticus**

What is the **space** between the **true vocal cords** called?

**Rima glottidis**

What is the **space** between the **epiglottis** and **tongue** called?

**Vallecula**

What instrument is placed into the **vallecula** to view the larynx?

**Laryngoscope**

What space is found between the **tongue** and **epiglottis**?

**Vallecula**

What is the **rima glottidis**?

**Space between the true vocal cords**

The **intrinsic muscles** of the larynx are all examples of **(smooth / skeletal)** muscle.

**skeletal muscle** because using your voice is voluntary

What effects do **tensing** and **relaxing** the vocal cords have on **pitch**?

**Tension** = **Higher pitch** **Relaxation** = **Lower pitch**

What effects do **abducting** and **adducting** the vocal cords have on **volume**?

**Abduction** (opening) = **Louder** **Adduction** (closing) = **Quieter**

Which **cranial nerve** innervates the **intrinsic muscles of the larynx**?

**CN X** Vagus nerve

Which muscles **tense** the vocal cords by pulling the **thyroid cartilage** downwards?

**Cricothyroid muscles**

Which muscles **pull the thyroid cartilage superiorly** to **relax** the vocal cords?

**Thyroarytenoid muscles**

Which muscles **pull the vocal cords together** to make the voice **quieter?**

**Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles** **Arytenoid muscles**

Which muscles **pull the vocal cords apart** to make the voice **louder?**

**Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles**

Which muscles a) **raise the pitch** b) **lower the pitch** c) **lower** **the volume** d) **raise the volume** of the voice?

**a) Cricothyroid muscles** **b) Thyroarytenoid muscles** **c)** Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles Arytenoid muscles **d) Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles**

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscles look like a Scotland flag?

**Arytenoid muscles** (adductors, make the voice quieter - along with posterior crico-arytenoids - by closing the vocal cords)

Which muscles a) **OPEN** b) **CLOSE** c) **TENSE** d) **RELAX** the vocal cords?

**a) Posterior crico-arytenoids** **b) Lateral crico-arytenoids, arytenoids** **c) Cricothyroids** **d) Thyroarytenoids**

Which muscles **OPEN** the vocal cords to assist with deep inspiration?

**Posterior crico-arytenoids**

Which muscles **CLOSE** the vocal cords to assist with **phonation**?

**Lateral crico-arytenoids** **Arytenoids**

Which **lymph nodes** do tumours **above** the rima glottidis drain to?

**Superior deep cervical nodes**

Where do **tumours above the rima glottidis** drain? What symptom are they associated with?

**Superior deep cervical nodes** **Neck lump**

Where do tumours **on the vocal cords** drain? What symptom are they associated with?

**Nowhere, usually remain on the cords** Hoarseness

Where do **tumours below the rima glottidis drain**? What symptom are they associated with?

**Paratracheal nodes** Hoarseness, airway obstruction

Which cranial nerves control a) **levator veli palatini** b) **tensor veli palatini**?

**a) CN X** **b) CN V₃**

Which cranial nerves control the a) **shape of the tongue** b) **shape of the lips**?

**a) CN XII** (and X for palatoglossus) **b) CN VII** (muscles of facial expression)

Given that **oral sound and nasal sounds** require the **soft palate, tongue** and **lips to move**, which cranial nerves are responsible for oral sounds?

Levator & tensor veli palatini - **CN X, CN V₃** Tongue - **CN XII, CN X** Lips - **CN VII**

What changes position to change from **oral** to **nasal sounds**? Which muscle controls this? Which cranial nerve innervates the muscle?

**Soft palate** **Levator veli palatini** **CN X**

Through which neck compartment does **CN X** travel?

**Carotid sheathe** along with **common carotid artery** and **internal jugular vein**

Through which hole in the **posterior cranial fossa** does CN X pass?

**Jugular foramen** same as CN IX, X and XI

Which nerve supplies pretty much everything to do with the **larynx**?

**CN X** Vagus nerve via its many branches

Which branches are given off of the vagus nerve as it travels down the neck?

**Superior laryngeal nerve** **Recurrent laryngeal nerve**

Which branches of the vagus nerve come off the **superior laryngeal nerve**?

**Internal laryngeal nerve** **External laryngeal nerve**

Where does the **recurrent laryngeal nerve** arise on the **left** and **right**?

**Left** - hooks under arch of the aorta **Right** - hooks under right subclavian artery

Which branch of CN X supplies almost everything in the **larynx**? What is the **exception**?

**Recurrent laryngeal nerve** (which turns into inferior laryngeal nerve) EXCEPTION: **cricothyroid muscles** (vocal cord tensors) which are supplied by **external laryngeal nerve** (branch of superior laryngeal nerve)

What supplies the **cricothyroid muscle**?

**External laryngeal nerve** branch of CN X

Which branch of the **superior** **laryngeal nerve** supplies the mucosa **above** the vocal folds?

**Internal laryngeal nerve**

Which branch of the **recurrent laryngeal nerve** supplies the mucosa **below** the vocal folds?

**Inferior laryngeal nerves**

At which joint does the **recurrent laryngeal nerve** become the **inferior laryngeal nerve**?

**Cricothyroid joint**

What is **Galen's anastomosis**?

**Connection between** INTERNAL and INFERIOR **laryngeal nerves** Remember internal does mucosa above vocal folds and inferior does mucosa below it, so anastomosis connects the whole thing