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Prostho 3 > 10. > Flashcards

10. Flashcards

1
Q

What functions does the masseter muscle have? (3)

A
  • elevation of the mandible
  • chewing
  • protruding
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2
Q

What functions does the temporalis muscle have? (2)

A
  • mandible elevation

- mandible follows the direction of the portion of fibers contracting

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3
Q

What functions does the pyergoideus medialis muscle have? (3)

A
  • elevation
  • protrusion
  • mediotrusion
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4
Q

What are the two divisions of the pyergoideus lateralis?

A
  • inferior

- superior

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5
Q

Function of the inferior lateral pterygoid?

A
  • lateral movements
  • lowering of mandible
  • protrusion
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6
Q

Function of the superior lateral pterygoid?

A
  • articular stability of TMJ

- activates when forcing the ICP position

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7
Q

Function of the digastricus?

A
  • depression of the mandible
  • opening
  • swallowing
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8
Q

What muscles are involved with protrusion? (2)

A

Lateral pterygoid assisted with medial pterygoid

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9
Q

What muscles are involved with retraction? (4)

A
  • posterior fibers of temporalis
  • deep part of masseter
  • geniohyoid
  • digastric
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10
Q

What muscles are involved with elevation? (3)

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoid
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11
Q

What muscles are involved with depression? (3)

A
  • digastric
  • geniohyoid
  • mylohyoid
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12
Q

How much are teeth separated during mouth opening without condyles moving from the fossae?

A

20-25mm

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13
Q

What occurs when the mouth opens wider than 20-25mm? (3)

A
  • Ligaments are fully extended
  • Condyles move downward and forward out of the
    fossae
  • It is called the second arc of opening
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14
Q

What is a predisposing factor?

A

Increase the risk of appearance of the disorder

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15
Q

What is a precipitating factor?

A

They activate the process

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16
Q

What is a perpetuating factor?

A

They prolong the situation

17
Q

What are the five principal etiological factors in the apparition of TMD?

A
  • Occlusal condition
  • Trauma over structures of the masticatory system
  • stress
  • deep pain input
  • parafunctional activities
18
Q

What is the optimum occlusion?

A

MI & condyles are in their most superoanterior position resting over the posterior slopes of the articular eminences with the discs properly inserted

19
Q

What is a prematurity? (2)

A
  • happen at MI/CR

- avoids ICP in a retruded position

20
Q

What is an interference? (3)

A
  • undesirable contact during eccentric movements
21
Q

What is the ideal articulation for a dentate patient?

A

Mutually protected articulation

22
Q

What is the worst intereference?

A

on the NWS

23
Q

Define protrusion (2)

A
  • Mandible moves forward the ICP

- predominant protrusive contact is between the anterior teeth

24
Q

What is a static occlusal factor?

A

predisposing occlusal factor

25
Q

What can affect the occlusal condition? (5)

A
  • Static occlusal factors
  • Orthopedical instability of the jaw
  • Acute changes in the occlusion
  • chronic changes in the occlusion
  • types of occlusal interferences
26
Q

What are the static occlusal factors?

A 
– Musculoskeletal anterior open bite
– Displacement (deviation) from CR to MI
of more tan 2mm
– Absence of anterior guidance:
interferences.
– Overjet greater than 4mm
– 5 teeth or more missing.
27
Q

How does orthopedical instability of the jaw affect occlusal condition? (3)

A

– Dynamic oclusal factors, like the prematurities,
forces a sliding to reach the
InterCuspalPosition.
– Overexertion of the external pterygoid and
intracapsular disorder of the TMJ, specially
when subject to higher forces (ex: Bruxism)
– Discrepancies of 2 to 3mm are one of the
principal factors involved in a TMD

28
Q

How does acute changes in the occlusion (interferences) affect occlusal condition? (2)

A
  • Increase the muscular tone and it´s
    hyperactivity that can lead to symptoms
    of the elevator muscles due to aprotective co-contraction

– Muscles develop a new way of avoiding the
interferences

– The patient generally adapts to the new
situation.
– If it becomes a chronical occlusal
situation associated to the stress factor,
a parafunctional activity can appear
– Sleep bruxism is more associated to the
stress and sleep alterations than with the
apparition of acute interferences

29
Q

How do chronic changes in the occlusion affect occlusal condition ? (4)

A 
– Occlusal interferences due to the
migration of teeth adjacent/antagonist
to an edentulous ridge
– The apparition of a small interference,
mantained over the time, can also be converted into a chronical one.
– In those cases, there is a failure of the
proprioceptive defensive system that
was used to avoid the interference
– In those situations, the mandible does
not try to avoid the interferences, but
unconsciously grinds the area creating
the subsequent wear
30
Q

Adaptation of chronical changes in the occlusion?

A 
The musculatory system tend to adapt to avoid the
nocive contacts (adaptative reflex).
More frequent when not associated to stress
31
Q

TMD of chronical changes in the occlusion?

A

A parafunction is developed by the patient for an
increase of emotional factors (stress), that leads to
the typical muscular hyperactivity associated to
bruxism

32
Q

What are the types of occlusal interferences? (3)

A

Prematurites causing more than 2mm discrepancies
-– The factor that is mostly associated to TMD, it
creates an overloading of both pterygoid
muscles or one of them
– Pain during the palpation and functional
manipulation of the inferior external pterygoid
muscle

33
Q

Make cards for slide 23-24

A

go

34
Q

What are the different types of trauma over the masticatory system?

A
  • Macro trauma

- Microtrauma

35
Q

What is defined macrotrauma of the masticatory system? (3)

A
  • intense and sudden force
  • Intracapsular disorders
  • Elongation of the ligaments and disc displacement
36
Q

What is an example of macrotrauma of the masticatory system? (2)

A

– Accident, practicing sports, a fight, etc…
– Iatrogenic trauma: intubation during general
anesthesia, complex tooth extraction,…

37
Q

What is defined as microtrauma of the masticatory system? (3)

A
  • Small repetitive forces over the same structures during a
    long period of time.
  • Ex; grinding teeth, bruxism
  • If associated to orthopedical instability in the IPC; high
    risk of elongation of the ligaments

Prostho 3 (11 decks)

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