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A&P Final > 10+ > Flashcards

10+ Flashcards

1
Q

The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are

A

Dendrites

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2
Q

Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear

A

White

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3
Q

Which of the following is a type of neuroglial cell?
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
Ependymal cell

A

All of these are correct

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4
Q

What are three types of neuroglial cells?

A

Asrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Ependymal cells

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5
Q

List the parts of a reflex arc.

A

Receptor, sensory neurons, inter neuron, motor neuron, effector

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6
Q

When a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of sodium ions is ____ while potassium ion are ______

A

Higher on outside of membrane

Potassium ions are higher on inside

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7
Q

Saltatory conduction is

A

Faster than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber

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8
Q

What produces myelin in the brain and spinal cord?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

Thick and myelinated cells allow things to

A

Travel faster

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10
Q

What passes through cell membranes most readily? (Neuroglial cells)

A

Potassium

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11
Q

Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are

A

Multipolar

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12
Q

Reflexes help control what three things

A

Heart rate
Blood pressure
And digestive activities

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13
Q

Three general functions of the nervous system are

A

Integrative, motor, and sensory neurons

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14
Q

Neurons are

Whereas neuroglial cells are

A

Nerve cells

Structural and functional units of the nervous system

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15
Q

What is myelin?

A

A lipoprotein on the outside of the axon

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16
Q

The somatic nervous system controls

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

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17
Q

What is under voluntary control of the nervous system?

A

The skeletal muscle system

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18
Q

When a stimulus is great enough to change the membrane potential and propagate an action it is called

A

Threshold potential

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19
Q

Nodes of ranvier occur between

A

Myelin sheaths

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20
Q

What is a reflex?

A

An automatic unconscious response to changes occurring inside or outside of the body

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21
Q

Outside of the brain and spinal cord, myelin sheaths of —– cells often enclose larger axons

A

Schwann

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22
Q

What occurs when you enter a room and smell a strong odor which fades?

A

Sensory adaptation

23
Q

Olfactory receptors are

A

Chemoreceptors

24
Q

5 primary taste sensations

A

Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami

25
Q

Loss of smell is called

A

Anosmia

26
Q

Acupuncture relieves pain by releasing

A

Enkephalins

27
Q

Treatment for cataracts usually involves the removal of the

A

Lens

28
Q

Most common cause of deafness

A

Torn tympanic membrane

29
Q

Glaucoma is caused by a

A

Build-up of aqueous humor

30
Q

Special senses are found

A

In the head

31
Q

Light touch receptors are

A

Tactile corpuscles

32
Q

Deep pressure receptors

A

Lamellated corpuscles

33
Q

Lacrimal glands

A

Produce tears

34
Q

Thin and myelinated pain fibers

Vs thick and unmyelinated

A

Acute

Chronic

35
Q

Rods are more/ less sensitive to light than cones

A

More

Cones for color

36
Q

Rhodopsin is broken down by light into

A

Ops in

37
Q

Pain receptors are generally stimulated by

A

Factors that can cause nerve damage

38
Q

Taste receptors are

A

Modified epithelial cells

39
Q

Lens of eye thickens when the

A

Ciliary muscles contract

40
Q

Rhodopsin is found in

A

Rod cells

41
Q

Temperature sensation depends on two types of

A

Free nerve endings

42
Q

Dermal papillae are

A

Modified epithelial cells

43
Q

The Eustachian tube connects the

A

Middle ear to the throat

44
Q

Percentage of solids in blood

A

45%

55% plasma

45
Q

Biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when mature

A

Red blood cells

46
Q

Normal white blood cell count is

A

5,000-10,000 cells/ mm3 of blood

47
Q

Platelets are

A

Cytoplasmic fragments of cells

48
Q

Platelets release vasoconstricting substances called ____ when forming a plug

A

Serotonin

49
Q

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by an

A

Abnormal form of hemoglobin

50
Q

Pulmonary embolism comes from a clot reaching a lung through

A

A pulmonary artery

51
Q

Thrombocytopenia is due to

A

A deficiency of platelets

52
Q

Final formation in blood clot formation is

A

Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin

53
Q

What lack nuclei, release serotonin, and number from 130,000-360,000/mm3 blood?

A

Platelets

A&P Final (1 decks)

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