10/30 Transition to Adulthood Flashcards
Issues with students with disabilities compared to peers post-school?
Low expectation, modeled on sheltered workshops, not teaching marketable skills, experiences don’t match disability, not aligned to competitive integrated employment (promotions), low expectations.
What mandated education for all and established IEP, due process, FAPE, MFE, and LRE?
Education of Handicapped Children Act 1975
Created links and access to vocational education for special education
Education Amendments 1976
Amendments to the education of HC Act see above 1983 Section 626
Secondary education and transition services for handicapped youth funded demonstration programs for transition
Funded national longitudinal study of transition
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) 1990
Introduced transition services definitions: Four essential elements: 1) needs, interests, preferences of student, 2) outcome-oriented planning, 3) coordinated activities and 4) promotion of movement to post school environments
Mandated “Statement of needed transition services” for all students by age 16
Required instruction, community experiences, and development of adult living objectiveor statement on why they weren’t needed.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1997
Required all special ed to be referenced to gen. curriculum
Mandated in the IEP (by no later than age 16) statement of transition service needs related to student’s desired course of study
Introduced procedure for transfer of IDEA rights to students by age of majority
Required students with disabilities participate in state and district-wide assessments (or rarely alternative assessments)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2004
Changes definition of “transition services” now means coordinated set of activities for a child that is designed to be within a results-oriented process, focused on improving academic and functional achievement of child w/disability
IDEA- Essential elements of transition based on student needs (preference/interest), outcome-oriented, coordinated set of activities, movement from school to post school activities.
Transition and the IEP.
When does it start Federally? In Ohio?
Should students be at IEP meeting?
Proof of ____ is necessary?
16, Ohio 14.
Yes student invited
Proof of interagency collaboration (prove that student and others were invited to the table).
New section of IEP says what?
- Measurable postsecondary goals
○ Education, employment, and independent living- Transition services/activities
Annual IEP goal aligned to transition services
- Transition services/activities
Americans with Disabilities Act
Olmstead vs. L.C.
Prevents discrimination based on disability.
Olmstead- ruling that requires states to eliminate unnecessary segregation of persons with disabilities and to ensure that persons with disabilities receive services in most integrated settings appropriate to their needs.
Why they have low bar areas for wheelchair users.
Do all IEP’s give diploma?
No some only give certificate of completion
Political environments leads to system change: what did these laws do?
* Rhone island DOJ settlement (2014)
* Federal legislations: IDEA, WIOA, HEOA
* Employment First and HCBS Waiver initiatives
Ohio DD adult rules DD changed Nov 2016
Presumes every individual is competent of competitive integrated employment
Sheltered Workshops (and what do people do with their day graph)
work facilities that individuals with ID where they earn sub minimum wage.
14c is section of law that allows sub minimum wage. 2 cents an hour.
Note: Not all sheltered workshops pay subminimum wage.
Most unpaid facility based activity or unpaid community activity. Fewer had paid based facility work, even few had paid job in community
_____ % did not have a paid community job.
Of those that didn’t have one, ______ %wanted a job.
Of those without community job who want one, only ___ % have community employment as goal on ISP.
80% no paid job
47% wanted job.
39% on ISP
Of the 50.2% Ohio 2019 ID employed:
___% facility based job
___% individual competitive job
___% group integrated job
___ % self employed
57.63% facility based job
33.13% individual competitive job
16.02% group integrated job
< 1 % self employed.
Employment First Ohio data for wages:
facility based job
individual competitive job
group integrated job
self employed.
facility based job- 11.05 hr/week, $5.28 per hour
individual competitive job- 13.33 hr/week, $8.02 per hour
group integrated job-20.34 hr/week, $10.49 per hour
self employed- 12.15 hr/week, $9.22 per hour
Workforce innovation and opportunity act (WIOA) of 2014
Reauthorizes of rehabilitation act. Meant to increase access and support to gain and maintain employment
Youth under 22 must receive preemployment transition services (pre-ETS)
Rules in place to prevent direct pipelines to sheltered workshop. Local education agencies (LEA, or school districts) can no longer contract with sheltered workshops
Includes postsecondary education key services for youth with disabilities.
WIOA Section 422 pre-employment transition five things
- Job Exploration Counseling
- Work-based Learning
- Counseling on postsecondary opportunities
- Workplace readiness training
- Instruction in self-advocacy
What act emphasized legitimacy of inclusion, established transition programs for students with ID (TPSID), comprehensive transition programs (CTPs), Think College Standards, and building body of knowledge?
Higher Ed. Opportunity Act 2008
* Funding 2010 to 27 schools * Funding 2015 to 25 schools * Funding 2020 to 22 scholars
What are comprehensive Transition programs (CTP)? What were they replaced by?
Provide guidance and allow students to potentially access federal financial aid via FAFSA and Establishes Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP)
Replaced by accreditation program.
National organization dedicated to improving higher education for ID. Evidence based and student centered research and practice.
Think College!
