10 1st Quarter Quiz 3

Question 1

he suggested an explanation for continental drift called sea floor spreading theory

Answer 1

HARRY HESS

Question 2

Suggests that hot, and less dense materials moving out from the crust rise toward the surface through the mid ocean ridge

These materials caused the crust to move sideways, carrying with them the sea floor that moves away from the ridge and creating a crack in the crust

Molten materials that flow out of the crack cool down and become new sea floor

As time goes by, this new oceanic crust pushed the old oceanic crust away from the ridge. Rocks are younger at the mid-ocean ridges, the ages of rocks become older as they are located farther from the ridges. Sediments are thinner are the ridge. Rocks found at the ocean floor are younger
compared to rocks found along the continents.

Answer 2

Sea floor spreading

Question 3

• Rocks are younger at the mid-ocean ridges, the ages of rocks become older as they are located farther from the ridges.
• Sediments are thinner are the ridge.
• Rocks found at the ocean floor are younger compared
  to rocks found along the continents.

Answer 3

Sea floor spreading evidences

Question 4

Happens when the North Pole
transformed into the South Pole and vice versa due to the direction of the flow in the outer core, which is the main source of Earth’s magnetic field.

Answer 4

Magnetic Reversal

Question 5

OCEAN DRILLING
a drilling ship was built to
pursue the said project, which aimed to drill thousands of meters deep.

Answer 5

Glomar Challenger

Question 6

Is formed when the hot rocky plumes
move up to the surface of the mantle.

Answer 6

Hotspot

Question 7

As the late moves over the hotspot, the volcano also moves along the direction of the motion of the mantle, creating

Answer 7

Hotspot track

Question 8

Earth’s magnetic poles are
located near the geographic
poles.
* Magnetite is a naturally
occurring iron-rich mineral that
is influenced by a magnetic
field.
* Rocks possess paleomagnetism,
which is also known as fossil
magnetism.

Answer 8

PALEOMAGNETISM

Question 9

It was found that the age of the volcanoes
increases as the distance from the Big Island of Hawaii increases.

Answer 9

Mantle Plumes and Hotspots

Question 10

Measuring Earth’s plate movement in space is a tool for scientists to calculate the motion of the plate using the global positioning system and the very long baseline interferometry.

Answer 10

GEODETIC METHODS

Question 11

• uses a network of satellites to map out the surface of Earth.
• Provides information about tectonic movements within plates.
• helps separate blocks that are moving independently among each other, even only a few millimeters per year.

Answer 11

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

Question 12

⚫ uses large radio telescopes.
⚫ the signals recorded are used to analyze the relative motion of the plate.
Uses two distant radio telescopes to observe similar quasars that serve as a stationary signal for the two.
* the signal from the quasar obtained is recorded and calculated to get the relative distances between the
plates.

Answer 12

VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY

Question 13

Uses the transform faults along ridges,
paleomagnetism, and seismic activity to
trace back the movement of the plates
from the past.

Answer 13

GEOLOGIC METHOD

Question 14

based on Earth’s magnetic field provided
by rock samples, as iron-rich lava
containing magnetite is cooled and
solidified in the crust.

Striped patterns on the ocean floor
indicates that magnetic wandering from
the past exists.

The alternate stripes that spread from
the center of the ridge indicates that
the continental crust was pushed to the
side, causing the plates to move apart.

Answer 14

PALEOMAGNETIC METHOD

Question 15

Based on the fracture that extends
from a transform fault near the mid ocean ridges.

Answer 15

GEOMETRIC METHOD

Question 16

Considered less accurate means of
measuring plate movement.
It uses the mechanisms of earthquakes
to distinguish the orientation of faults
and is used for measuring plate
movements.

Answer 16

SEISMIC METHOD

Question 17

• It was discovered that the age of the sediment increases as one goes farther from the ridge.
• It shows to support to the hypothesis of seafloor spreading.
• It was also found out that thickness increases with increasing distance from the ridge.
• The ocean floor is no more than 180 million years, which means that the ocean floor is relatively young, as compared to other parts of the crust.

Answer 17

OCEAN DRILLING