10-12

Question 1

a pioneer crusader for women’s suffrage in the United States. She was president (1892–1900) of the National Woman Suffrage Association. Her work helped pave the way for the Nineteenth Amendment (1920) to the Constitution, giving women the right to vote.

Answer 1

Susan B. Anthony

Question 2

responsible for the founding and expansion of the Mormon Church.

Answer 2

Joseph Smith & Brigham Young

Question 3

founded the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. Later in life he turned his attention to charity. He made possible the founding of the University of Chicago and endowed major philanthropic institutions.

Answer 3

John Rockefeller

Question 4

was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the “Father of the American Cartoon.” He was a critic of Democratic Representative “Boss” Tweed and the Tammany Hall Democratic party political machine.

Answer 4

Thomas Nast

Question 5

American humorist, novelist, and travel writer. Today he is best remembered as the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885). Twain is widely considered one of the greatest American writers of all time and he gave the title “Gilded Age” to the late 1800s.

Answer 5

Mark Twain

Question 6

was an industrialist best known for leading the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century by bringing the Bessemer Process to America.

Answer 6

Andrew Carnegie

Question 7

A primary focus of his administration was Reconstruction, and he worked to reconcile the North and South while also attempting to protect the civil rights of newly freed black slaves. His presidency was marked with scandals that there is no evidence that he profited from.

Answer 7

U.S. Grant

Question 8

Led an expedition (1804–06) to explore the Louisiana Purchase and the Pacific Northwest. The expedition was a major chapter in the history of American exploration.

Answer 8

Lewis & Clark

Question 9

was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. … He served as quartermaster general of the New York Militia during the American Civil War.

Answer 9

Chester Arthor

Question 10

Known for reorganizing businesses to make them more profitable and stable and gaining control of them. He reorganized several major railroads and became a powerful railroad magnate. He also financed industrial consolidations that formed General Electric, U.S. Steel, and International Harvester.

Answer 10

J.P. Morgan

Question 11

A friend and political ally of President William McKinley, Hanna used his wealth and business skills to successfully manage McKinley’s presidential campaigns in 1896 and 1900.

Answer 11

Mark Hanna

Question 12

In 1889 she established the Hull-House in Chicago, the first settlement house in the United States.

Answer 12

Jane Addams

Question 13

the 23rd President of the United States from 1889 to 1893, elected after conducting one of the first “front-porch” campaigns by delivering short speeches to delegations that visited him in Indianapolis

Answer 13

Benjamin Harrison

Question 14

renowned as a gifted debater and magnetic orator in politics. The climax of his career was undoubtedly the 1896 presidential campaign. At the Democratic convention in Chicago, his “Cross of Gold” speech (July 8) won him the nomination.

Answer 14

William J. Bryan

Question 15

fifth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, remembered principally for the Dred Scott decision (1857). He was the first Roman Catholic to serve on the Supreme Court.

Answer 15

Roger Taney

Question 16

was a politician who served as the 14th vice president of the United States and as a Confederate general during the Civil War (1861-65). Served as the final Confederate Secretary of War.

Answer 16

John Breckinridge

Question 17

financier who as president of the Second Bank of the United States (1823–36) made it the first effective central bank in U.S. history… also a contributor to and later (1812) editor of Port Folio, the first U.S. financial literary journal

Answer 17

Nicholas Biddle

Question 18

Senator Hiram Revels of Mississippi was the first African American member of the United States Senate. He took the oath of office on February 25, 1870

Answer 18

Hiram Revels

Question 19

Garfield advocated agricultural technology, an educated electorate, and civil rights for African Americans. He also proposed substantial civil service reforms, which were passed by Congress in 1883 and signed into law by his successor, Chester A. Arthur, as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act

Answer 19

James Garfield

Question 20

An ardent nationalist, he served as Chief Justice for thirty-four years and presided over an era of cases that helped define the judicial system of the United States as well as the nature of the federal government. His court strengthened the federal government

Answer 20

John Marshall

Question 21

the first and only president of the Confederate States of America, was a Southern planter, Democratic politician and hero of the Mexican War who had represented Mississippi in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate and served as U.S. secretary of war (1853-57)

Answer 21

Jefferson Davis

Question 22

oversaw the end of Reconstruction (The Compromise of 1877), he began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War. Beneficiary of the most fiercely disputed election in American history

Answer 22

Rutherford B. Hayes

Question 23

became known for being a shrewd politician. He earned the nicknames “Little Magician” and the “Red Fox” for his cunning politics. Handpicked by Andrew Jackson, he was unable to get elected to a second term as president due to a financial panic of 1837 and 1839.

Answer 23

Martin Van Buren

Question 24

an ardent abolitionist who championed the rights of blacks for decades—up to, during, and after the Civil War. With other Radical Republicans, he agitated for emancipation, black fighting units, and black suffrage.

Answer 24

Thaddeus Stevens

Question 25

a general and national hero in the United States Army from the time of the Mexican-American War and the War of 1812, was elected the 12th U.S. President, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850

Answer 25

Zachery Taylor

Question 26

A staunch defender of the institution of slavery, and a slave-owner himself, he was the Senate’s most prominent states’ rights advocate, and his doctrine of nullification professed that individual states had a right to reject federal policies that they deemed unconstitutional.

Answer 26

John C. Calhoun

Question 27

lawyer, theologian, college president, and also the most famous revivalist of the Second Great Awakening. He did not merely lead revivals; he actively marketed, promoted and packaged them. … Finney allowed and encouraged women to speak at prayer meetings, in the presence of both men and women.

Answer 27

Charles Finney

Question 28

played an instrumental role in the founding or expansion of more than 30 hospitals for the treatment of the mentally ill. She was a leading figure in those national and international movements that challenged the idea that people with mental disturbances could not be cured or helped.

Answer 28

Dorothea Dix

Question 29

American military officer and politician, was the ninth President of the United States (1841). On his 32nd day, he became the first to die in office, serving the shortest tenure in U.S. Presidential history. He was a national hero after winning the battle of Tippecanoe and the battle of Thames and killing Tecumseh.

Answer 29

William H. Harrison

Question 30

A printer, newspaper publisher, radical abolitionist, suffragist, civil rights activist spent his life disturbing the peace of the nation in the cause of justice.

Answer 30

W.L. Garrison

Question 31

American orator and politician who practiced prominently as a lawyer before the U.S. Supreme Court and served as a U.S. congressman (1813–17, 1823–27), a U.S. senator (1827–41, 1845–50), and U.S. secretary of state (1841–43, 1850–52).

Answer 31

Daniel Webster

Question 32

was the first and longest-serving president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL); it is to him, as much as to anyone else, that the American labor movement owes its structure and characteristic strategies.

Answer 32

Samuel Gompers

Question 33

was the primary draftsman of the Declaration of Independence of the United States and the nation’s first secretary of state (1789–94), its second vice president (1797–1801), and, as the third president (1801–09), the statesman responsible for the Louisiana Purchase. He also wrote the Statute on Religious Freedom and founded the University of VA.

Answer 33

Thomas Jefferson

Question 34

often called the Father of the Common School, began his career as a lawyer and legislator. … He spearheaded the Common School Movement, ensuring that every child could receive a basic education funded by local taxes.

Answer 34

Horace Mann

Question 35

the 11th president of the United States of America (1845-1849). As President he oversaw the largest territorial expansion in American history— over a million square miles of land—acquired through a treaty with England and war with Mexico.

Answer 35

Jams K Polk

Question 36

worked as a frontier lawyer before becoming a Kentucky senator and then speaker of the House of Representatives. He was the Secretary of State under John Quincy Adams in the 1820s, later returning to Congress, and pushed for the Compromise of 1850, with overall conflicting stances on race and slavery. He also authored the Missouri Compromise and the compromise over the nullification crisis.

Answer 36

Henry Clay

Question 37

American essayist, poet, and practical philosopher he is renowned for having lived the doctrines of Transcendentalism, recorded in his masterwork, Walden (1854). He was also an advocate of civil liberties, as seen in the essay “Civil Disobedience” (1849).

Answer 37

H.D. Thoreau

Question 38

A savvy artist-turned-technologist took steamboat inventions and innovated them into the first viable commercial steamboat service. Although he didn’t invent the steamboat, he was instrumental in making steamboat travel a reality.

Answer 38

Robert Fulton

Question 39

In 1834, in the face of competition from other inventors, he took out a patent and soon after, began manufacturing the reaper himself. The mechanical reaper was an important step in the mechanization of agriculture during the nineteenth century.

Answer 39

Cyrus McCormick

Question 40

American inventor of the vulcanization process that made possible the commercial use of rubber.

Answer 40

Charles Goodyear

Question 41

She became the editor of The Dial, the Transcendental journal, and advocated the philosophy of liberation and fulfillment of the highest potential of all human beings. The book’s message was that women must fulfill themselves as individuals.

Answer 41

Margaret Fuller

Question 42

He invented a gun that fired multiple times without reloading, advanced manufacturing, and created a mass market. His revolver was important to Western settlers – and the ultimate threat to Plains Indians.

Answer 42

Samuel Colt

Question 43

After finding employment as a laborer, he began to attend abolitionist meetings and speak about his experiences in slavery. He soon gained a reputation as an orator, landing a job as an agent for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. The job took him on speaking tours across the North and Midwest. He wrote three autobiographies, started his own newspaper, and advised President Lincoln.

Answer 43

Frederick Douglas

Question 44

Elias Howe patented the first ever lockstitch sewing machine in the world in 1846. His invention helped the mass production of sewing machines and clothing.

Answer 44

Elias Howe

Question 45

American entrepreneur and inventor whose introduction of the first Kodak camera with film helped to promote amateur photography on a large scale (1888)

Answer 45

George Eastman

Question 46

Wrote “Self-Reliance.” The essay supports the American Transcendental movement’s philosophical pillar: that the individual is identical with the world, and that world exists in unity with God. Helped found Transcendentalism, Transcendentalists believed in numerous values, however they can all be condensed into three basic, essential values: individualism, idealism, and the divinity of nature.

Answer 46

R.W. Emerson

Question 47

American inventor of the first commercially successful barbed wire, which was instrumental in transforming the Great Plains of western North America.

Answer 47

Joseph Glidden

Question 48

American painter and inventor who developed an electric telegraph (1832–35).

Answer 48

Samuel Morse

Question 49

best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin, he was also the father of the mass production method. In 1798, he figured out how to manufacture muskets by machine so that the parts were interchangeable.

Answer 49

Eli Whitney

Question 50

In the fall of 1829, Boston abolitionist he wrote and published a pamphlet entitled, “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.” In the pamphlet, he denounced slavery and encouraged enslaved people to fight for their freedom.

Answer 50

David Walker