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T3- Xray > 1. wk 2 x ray generators & components > Flashcards

1. wk 2 x ray generators & components Flashcards

ended at 35

1
Q

The anode has a ___ charge

A

+

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2
Q

the cathode has a ___ charge

A

-

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3
Q

____ is where the x ray is produced

A

anode

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4
Q

the ____ occurs in the cathode

A

thermionic emission

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5
Q

the filament is made of _____ metal

A

thoriated tungsten

- has a high melting pt

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6
Q

tungsten provides for a higher ____ emission

A

thermionic

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7
Q

Melting pt of tungsten

A

3410 C

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8
Q

the focusing cup is ___ charged

A

negatively

  • to repell electrons
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9
Q

_____: used to direct the meg. charged e- into a smaller area on the target

A

focusing cup

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10
Q

if I want a very detailed x ray i will use the ___ filament

A

small filament

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11
Q

the small filament is used when better ___ is required

A

spatial resolution

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12
Q

the large focal spot is ued when _______ are imaged

A

large body parts

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13
Q

____ draws the ep from the cathode toward it bc of its + charge

A

anode

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14
Q

**The anode has three main fxn

A
  1. electrical conductor
  2. mechanical support for the target
  3. thermal dissipator
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15
Q

the target of the anode is made of tungsten for 3 reasons

A
  1. atomic number = high efficiency & nrg x rays bc of the wt. of it
  2. thermal conductivity
  3. high melting pt
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16
Q

3 main factors that alter the anode heel effect

A
  1. anode angle
  2. distance
  3. x ray field
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17
Q

The ___ the angle, the ___ the heel effect

A

smaller angle = greaer heel effect

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18
Q

the ___ the distance, the ___ the heel effect

A

shorter distance = greater heel effect

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19
Q

the ___ the field size. the ___ the heel effect

A

larger the field size= greater heel effect

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20
Q

______: anode rotates inside the enclosure w/ no mech connection to the outside

A

induction motor

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21
Q

___ holds the electromagnets outside of the induction motor

A

stator

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22
Q

the ___ is the portion on the inside of the induction motor

A

rotor

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23
Q

the rotor consists of the _____ shaft

A

copper/iron shaft

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24
Q

velocity = ___ x ___

A

freq x wavelength

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25
Q

in the freq increases the wavelength _____

A

decreases

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26
Q

the value of velocity is the ____

A

speed of light

27
Q

the x ray machine consists of 3 components

A

operating console
high voltage generator
x ray tube

28
Q

x ray imaging systems are designed to operate on ___v power

A

220v

29
Q
  • the _____ measures the voltage provided o the x ray machine and adjusts that voltage to ____
A

LINE COMPENSATOR

220V

30
Q

radiation quantity refers to the _____ of x rays or ___ of the beam

A

number of x rays

intensity of the beam

31
Q

radiation is expressed in ____ or ___

A

milliroentgens (mR)

milliroentgens/milliampere-second (mR/mAs)

32
Q

_____: refers to the penetrability of the x ray beam

A

radiation NRG (kVp)

33
Q

radiation energy is expressed in _____

A

kilovolt peak (kVp)

34
Q

______: tells how many x rays are made during a unit of time

A

radiation quantity (mAs)

35
Q

the number of x rays that reach the image receptor is directly related to both the ______ and the _____

A

x ray tube current (mA)

the time (s) that the tube is energized

36
Q

(2) things that must occur for an x ray to be produced

A
  1. reach high voltage potential

2. direct current (DC)

37
Q

(3) characterisitics of a voltage rectifier

A
  1. current to flow in one direction
  2. converts AC to DC
  3. uses diodes
38
Q

high voltage generators require (2)

A
  1. high voltage transformers

2. voltage rectifier

39
Q

What is the limited factor as to how many x rays can be made in a single exposure

A

the amt of wasted heat energy by the x ray

40
Q

the lower voltage ripple = the greater the x ray ___ & ___ , as a result of constant voltage supplied in tube

A

quantity and NRG

41
Q
  • when x rays are produced, the are emitted ____
A

isotrophically

- equal intensity in all directions

42
Q

_____/____: x rays that are emitted through the window of the tube

A

useful beam, or primary beam

43
Q

_____: x rays that escape through the protective housing

A

leakage radiation

44
Q

leakage radiation must not exceed ____

A

100mR/hr at 1 meter

45
Q

the _____ is where the x rays are created

A

x ray tube

  • components: cathode and anode
46
Q

What is the basic internal component of a x ray tube

A

cathode

anode

47
Q

most common cause of tube failure

A

as the tube ages, tungsten vaporizes and coats the inside of the glass

48
Q

cathode is ___ charged

A

negatively

49
Q

_______: when an electricity circuit sends electrons to the filaments in the focusing cup. Heats up the pt of boiling off a clous of e-

A

thermionic emission

50
Q

the filaments are hold in the _____

A

focusing cup of the cathode

  • it is neg. charged
51
Q

the cloud of e- produced at the cathode is known as ______

A

space change

52
Q

the build up of neg charge makes it difficult for e- to be emitted by the filament due to _____

A

electrostatic repulsion

  • limiting factor
53
Q

the anode is _____charged

A

positively

- draws e- from the cathode towards it

54
Q

x rays are created when e- are shot over from the ___ and slam into the ____

A

from the cathode to the anode

55
Q

name 2 types of anodes

A

stationary

rotating

56
Q

_____anodes are used in xray units in which high tube current and power are not req.

A

stationary anodes

ex: dental, portable units

57
Q

What are the two reasons as to why rotating anodes are able to produce higher nrg xrays and shorter exposure time

A
  1. more surface area

2. heat dissipation

58
Q

if the freq increases, the wavelength would ____

A

decrease

59
Q

(3) components of an x ray machine

A

operating console
high voltage generators
x ray tube

60
Q

Most x ray imaging systems are designed to operate at ___v power

A

220V

61
Q

_____ measures the voltage provided to the xray machine

A

line compensator

62
Q

____ refers tot the number of x rays / intensity of the x ray beam

A

radiation quantity

63
Q

Radiation NRG refers to the _____ of the x ray

A

penetrability

T3- Xray (3 decks)

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