1. Welsh Alphabet

Question 1

a

Answer 1

short: “a” as in “ham”, e.g., “mam”

long: “a” as in “hard”, e.g., “tad”

Question 2

b

Answer 2

as in “boy”, e.g., “bara”

Question 3

c

Answer 3

as in “cat” (never the “s” sound as in “cent”), e.g., “cant”

Question 4

ch

Answer 4

a non-English sound as in Scottish “ch” in “loch”, e.g., “bach”

Question 5

d

Answer 5

as in “dog”, e.g., “dros”

Question 6

dd

Answer 6

“th” (voiced) as in “the” (never the voiceless “th” sound as in “thin, e.g., “bedd”

Question 7

e

Answer 7

short: “e” as in “then”, e.g., “pen”

long: similar to “e” in “then spoken in a southern drawl, e.g., “hen”

Question 8

f

Answer 8

as in “of”, e.g., “afal”

Question 9

ff

Answer 9

as in “off”, e.g., “ffÙl”

Question 10

g

Answer 10

as in “god”, e.g., “glan”

Question 11

ng

Answer 11

as in “long”, e.g., “ing”

Question 12

h

Answer 12

as in “hat”, e.g., “hen”

Question 13

i

Answer 13

short: “i” as in “sit”, e.g., “inc”

long: “ee” as in “seen”, e.g., “hir”

Question 14

j

Answer 14

as in “jam”, e.g., “jar”

Question 15

l (lower case L)

Answer 15

as in “lamp”, e.g., “lol”

Question 16

ll (lower case L’s)

Answer 16

an aspirated ‘l’ which does not occur in English, sounded by placing the tongue so as to say ‘l’ and hissing out of one side of the mouth, e.g., “llan”

Question 17

m

Answer 17

as in “man”, e.g., “mab”

Question 18

n

Answer 18

as in “name”, e.g., “nos”

Question 19

o

Answer 19

short: “o” as in “gone”, e.g., “llon”
long: as in “more”, e.g., “to”

Question 20

p

Answer 20

as in “pet”, e.g., “pen”

Question 21

ph

Answer 21

an aspirated ‘p’ occurring only as a mutated form, sounded as in “graph”, e.g., “tri phen”

Question 22

r

Answer 22

as in “rat”, e.g., “caru”

Question 23

rh

Answer 23

an aspirated ‘r’ which does not occur in English; the difference between ‘rh’ and ‘r’ is similar to that betwen ‘wh’ and ‘w’ in “when” and “went”, e.g., “rhan”

Question 24

s

Answer 24

as in “sit”, e.g., “sant”

Question 25

t

Answer 25

as in “top”, e.g., “tan”

Question 26

th

Answer 26

as in “thin”, e.g., “cath”

Question 27

u

Answer 27

short: as in “sit”, e.g., “sut”
long: as in “seen”, e.g., “un”

Question 28

w

Answer 28

as in “wind”, e.g., “wedi”

short: as in “look”, e.g., “cwm”
long: as in “fool”, e.g., “mwg”

Question 29

y

Answer 29

short: as in “sit”, e.g., “cyn” (clear sound)
short: as in “gun”, e.g., “yn” (obscure sound)
long: as in “seen”, e.g., “dyn” (clear sound)