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4th yr- CMS- Clinical Skill s > 1- Vital Signs and Neuro Observations > Flashcards

1- Vital Signs and Neuro Observations Flashcards

1
Q

State a normal body temperature

A

36-37.5 degrees

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2
Q

What is a low temperature called

A

Hypothermia

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3
Q

What is a high temperatire called

A

Hyperthermia or pyrexial

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4
Q

State a normal respiratory rate in adults

A

12-20

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5
Q

Compare a Childs respiratory rate to an adults

A

Children generally have a faster respiratory rate

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6
Q

What is fast breathing called

A

Tachypnoea

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7
Q

What is slow breathing called

A

bradypnoea

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8
Q

How is temperature measured

A

Thermometer

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9
Q

How do we measure respiratory rate

A

Visually counting breaths

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10
Q

State a normal pulse rate for adults

A

60-100 Beats per min

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11
Q

Compare a Childs pulse to an adults

A

Children tend to have a faster heart rate

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12
Q

What is a fast heart rate called

A

Tachycardia

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13
Q

What is a slow heart rate called

A

Bradycardia

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14
Q

How do we measure pulse

A

Counting beats at pulse points

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15
Q

How do we measure oxygen saturations

A

Pulse oximetry

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16
Q

How do we use pulse oximetry

A

By placing a probe on the finger that measures the percentage of haemoglobin in arterial blood that is oxygen saturated

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17
Q

What is a normal pulse oximetry reading

A

> 95%

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18
Q

What might the oximetry reading of a pulse oximetry be in a patient with respiratory disease

A

88-92%

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19
Q

What might give a falsely low reading on a pulse oximetry

A
  1. Cold extremities
  2. Nail polish
  3. Probing finger moving
  4. High levels of ambient light
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20
Q

What is peak flow

A

Peak flow is a simple measurement of how quickly you can blow air out of your lungs.

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21
Q

Why do we measure peak flow

A

Used to help diagnose and monitor asthma

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22
Q

How is peak flow measured

A

You measure peak flow by blowing as hard and as fast as you can into a small hand-held device called a peak flow meter

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23
Q

State a normal blood pressure

A

Systolic 100-140

Diastolic 70-90

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24
Q

Talk through the process of taking blood pressure

A
  1. Explain procedure and obtain consent
  2. Apply correct size cuff
  3. Palpate radial or branchial pulse
  4. Inflate cuff till pulse disappears (this is the systolic)
  5. Deflate cuff fully
  6. Re inflate cuff to 20-30mmHg above estimate pressure
  7. Place diaphragm of stethoscope over brachial pulse. Deflate cuff slowly listening for first sounds (systolic pressure)
  8. Continue to slowly deflate till sounds disappear (diastolic pressure)
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25
Q

How do we measure patient awareness

A

ACVPU scale

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26
Q

What does the ACVPU scale stand for

A 
A- Alert
C- Confusion 
V- Voice 
P- Pain 
U- Unresponsive
27
Q

Describe an alert patient

A

The patient appears more aware of and is responsive to the environment and follows commands

28
Q

What do we mean by confusion

A

Are there any new signs of confusion or delirium

29
Q

What do we mean by voice

A

Eyes do not open spontaneously but do open to verbal stimuli. Able to respond in some meaningful way when spoken to

30
Q

What do we mean by pain

A

Does not respond to questions but moves or cries out in response to pain

31
Q

How do we check for pain response at LDI

A

only acceptable method is to hold both shoulders shake and shout getting louder if no response pinch earlobe

32
Q

Describe an unresponsive patietn

A

A patient that doe snot respond to any stimuli

33
Q

What is hypothermia

A

Low temperature

34
Q

What is bradypnoea

A

Slow breathing

35
Q

What is tachycardia

A

fast heart rate

36
Q

Why do we use a pulse oximetry

A

Used to measure oxygen saturation by the use of a prove placed most commonly on the finger

37
Q

What does capillary refuel time assess

A

Assess the amount of blood flow to tissues

38
Q

How do we measure capillary refill time

A

Apply pressure to the nail bed for 5 secs
As blood is forced from the tissue it turn white (blanches)
Release the pressure and count how long in seconds it takes for the tissue to turn pink

39
Q

What is a delayed capillary refill time an indication of

A

Dehydration or shock

40
Q

What is a normal capillary refill time

A

less than 2 seconds

41
Q

What is pyrexial

A

High temperature

42
Q

Why might a dentist need to give an injection

A

To provide route when oral administration is contra indicated eg nausea, unconscious , compliance issue

43
Q

What are the risks of a dentist giving an injection

A
  1. Painful especially for children
  2. Infection
  3. Problems with coagulopathy
  4. Risk of tissue damage
  5. Risk of too rapid absorption
  6. Possible poor absorption
  7. Needle Phobic
44
Q

What injections might a dentist give

A

Adrenaline
Glucagon
Insulin
Heparin

45
Q

What are the different types of injections we can give

A
  1. Intramuscular

2. Subcutaneous

46
Q

What considerations do we need to take before giving an injection

A
  1. Identification of need
  2. Prescription and allergies
  3. Explanation and consent
  4. Infection control
47
Q

Before administration a drug what should we check

A
  1. Drug name
  2. Dose
  3. Expiry date
  4. Seal intact
  5. Medication not deteriorated
48
Q

Talk through the steps of giving an injection

A
  1. Maintain dignity of patient at all times
  2. Wash hands and wear gloves
  3. Expose site and check medication
  4. Draw solution and change needle
  5. Insert needle
  6. Dispose into shapes bin
  7. Wash hands
  8. Documentation
49
Q

Where can you give an intramuscular injection

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Lateral thigh
  3. Gluteal
50
Q

What drugs might a dentist give in an intramuscular injection

A
  1. Analgesia

2. Antibiotics

51
Q

At what angle do you give an intramuscular injection and how far do we want to go

A

90 degree insertion angle

Need to go into muscle

52
Q

Where can give a subcutaneous injection

A
  1. Upper outer arm
  2. abdomen
  3. buttock
  4. thigh
53
Q

At what angle do you give a subcutaneous injection and how far do we want to go

A

45 degree insertion aiming for the subcutaneous tissue

54
Q

What drugs might a dentist give in a subcutaneous injection

A
  1. Insulin

2. Heparin

55
Q

When might you check a patients blood glucose levels

A
  1. Routine assessment in diabetics
  2. If patient collapses
  3. Patient complains of dizziness
  4. Glycosuria
  5. Unexplained weight change
  6. Abdo pain
  7. Alcohol related cases
  8. Drug overdose
  9. Major trauma/illness
56
Q

What does blood glucose level vary with

A
  1. Food intake
  2. Insulin
  3. Exercise
  4. Stress
  5. Illness
57
Q

State a normal fasting blood glucose value

A

3.9 – 6.1 mmol/l

58
Q

If a patient has a higher blood glucose value what should you ask

A
  1. Ask about recent food/ drink intake

2. Ask about new recent symptoms

59
Q

If a patient has a lower blood glucose value what should you do

A

give glucose drink followed by complex carbs if conscious. If unconscious, give glucagon

60
Q

What should you do if someone suffers from an inoculation injury/ bite

A
  1. Encourage puncture site to bleed
  2. Wash site with soap and water
  3. Cover with a waterproof dressing
  4. Report the incident prompts
61
Q

What should you of if body fluids smash into someones eyes or mouth

A
  1. Irrigate eyes with eater
  2. Rinse mouth with waster DO NOT SWALLOW
  3. Report incident promptly
62
Q

What is hyperthermia

A

High temperature

63
Q

What is Tachypnoea

A

Fast breathing

64
Q

What is Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate

4th yr- CMS- Clinical Skill s (3 decks)

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