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MCAT Physics > 1: Units and Kinematics > Flashcards

1: Units and Kinematics Flashcards

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1
Q

The SI system is also called

A

The MKS System

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2
Q

SI unit for length

A

Meter (m)

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3
Q

SI unit for mass

A

kilogram (kg)

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4
Q

SI unit for force

A

Newton (N)

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5
Q

SI unit for time

A

second (s)

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6
Q

SI unit for Work and Energy

A

Joule (J)

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7
Q

SI unit for power

A

Watt (W)

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8
Q

giga-

A

10^9

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9
Q

mega-

A

10^6

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10
Q

kilo-

A

10^3

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11
Q

centi-

A

10^-2

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12
Q

milli-

A

10^-3

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13
Q

micro-

A

10^-6

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14
Q

nano-

A

10^-9

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15
Q

pico-

A

10^-12

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16
Q

Convention for expressing numbers that simplifies calculations and standardizes results

A

Scientific Notation

  • Makes math without a calculator more doable
  • Multiplying: multiply coefficients and add exponents
  • Dividing: Divide coefficients and subtract second exponent from first exponent
  • Square: Square the coefficient and and multiply the exponent by 2
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17
Q

If your answer choices are all different by a power of 10 or more,

A

Make your work easier by rounding, without worrying about getting too close to another answer choice

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18
Q

Sin of 0

A

0

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19
Q

Sin of 30

A

1/2

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20
Q

Sin of 45

A

(sq. rt. of 2) / 2

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21
Q

Sin of 60

A

(sq. rt. of 3) / 2

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22
Q

Sin of 90

A

1

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23
Q

Sin of 180

A

0

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24
Q

Cos of 0

A

1

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25
Q

Cos of 30

A

(sq. rt. 3) / 2

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26
Q

Cos of 45

A

(sq. rt. 2) / 2

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27
Q

Cos of 60

A

1/2

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28
Q

Cos of 90

A

0

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29
Q

Cos of 180

A

-1

30
Q

Sin

A

Opposite over hypotenuse

31
Q

Cos

A

Adjacent over hypontenuse

32
Q

Tan

A

Opposite over adjacent

33
Q

Logarithm

A

The power to which that bar must be raised to equal that number.
A base raised by some power will equal a number, and that power is the logarithm of that number to that particular base.

34
Q

e

A

2.71828

35
Q

Common log

A

Use the base 10 log

36
Q

Natural log (ln)

A

use the value of e (2.71828)

37
Q

Purpose of log and ln

A

Allowing for the expression of vast range of values along a condensed and manageable scale

38
Q

log (mn)=

A

log m + log n

39
Q

log (m/n)=

A

log m - log n

40
Q

log (m^n)=

A

(n) log m

41
Q

Vectors

A

Numbers that have magnitude and direction

-Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force

42
Q

Scalars

A

Numbers that have only magnitude

- distance, speed, energy, pressure, mass

43
Q

End up back at starting point

A

Displacement = 0

44
Q

Resultant

A

Sum or difference of two or more vectors

- When adding vectors, add tip to tail

45
Q

Anything that can exist without a direction is

A

Scalar

-If it does’t matter which direction you approached from or which direction you are going

46
Q

Most common Pythagorean triples

A

3: 4:5
5: 12:13

47
Q

If we know X and Y, we can find V by using

A

the Pythagorean theorem

48
Q

When you subtract vectors

A

You are simply flipping the direction of the vector being subtracted and then following the same rule of adding tip to tail

49
Q

Vectors can be multiplied by a scalar (n) to change

A

length, direction, or both

  • If (n) is positive, B and A are in the same direction
  • If (n) is negative, B and A are in opposite directions
50
Q

Displacement

A

A change in an object’s position in space

  • Object must be in motion
  • This is a vector quantity
51
Q

Displacement does not account for

A

the pathway

52
Q

Velocity

A

Its magnitude is measured as the rate of change of displacement in a given unit of time

  • Vector
  • Direction is the same as the direction of the displacement
  • SI units are meters/second
53
Q

Speed

A

The rate of actual distance traveled in a given time

- Scalar

54
Q

Instantaneous speed

A

Is always equal to the magnitude of the objects instantaneous velocity, which is a measure of the average velocity as the change in time approached 0
- Scalar

55
Q

Average velocity

A

The ratio of the displacement vector over the change in time

-Vector

56
Q

Average speed

A

The ratio of the total distance traveled over the change in time
- Accounts for actual distance traveled

57
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity over time

  • Vector
  • Results from application of force(s)
58
Q

Average acceleration, a (with a line over the a)

A

The change in instantaneous velocity over the change in time

59
Q

Instantaneous acceleration, a

A

The average acceleration as delta t approaches 0

60
Q

If slope is positive (velocity vs. time)

A

Acceleration is positive and in the direction of velocity

61
Q

If slope is negative (velocity vs. time)

A

Deceleration and in the opposite direction of velocity

62
Q

If you see force on the MCAT

A 
think acceleration (and vice versus) 
F=ma
63
Q

Falling objects exhibit

A

Linear motion with constant acceleration

- One-dimensional

64
Q

Free fall

A

When an object falls with a constant acceleration (the acceleration due to gravity (g), 9.8 m.s^2) and does not reach terminal velocity

65
Q

Terminal velocity is due to

A

The upward force of air resistance equaling the downward force of gravity. As the net force on the object at this point becomes zero, the acceleration is also zero. The object remains at a constant velocity until it is acted upon by another force.

66
Q

Alway make “up”

A

Positive and “down” negative

67
Q

Projectile motion

A

Motion that follows a path along two dimensions

68
Q

Objects in projectile motion on earth experience

A

The force and acceleration of gravity only in the vertical direction

  • So Vy will change at the rate of g, but Vx will not
  • On the MCAT you will be able to assume that horizontal velocity (Vx) will be constant, because we assumed that air resistance is negligible
69
Q

Whenever an object reaches its maximum height

A

Its vertical velocity will be zero for the brief instant that it stops going up and starts falling down. As soon as an object is “in flight” the only force acting on it will be gravity; thus an objects acceleration will be -9.8 m/s^2 the entire time it is in flight.

70
Q

The amount of time that it takes an object to get to its maximum height is

A

The same time it takes for the object to fall back down.

  • So solve for max height by setting your final velocity to 0 and multiply your answer by two to get the total time in flight
  • By multiplying the time by the x-velocity, you can find the horizontal distance traveled

MCAT Physics (2 decks)

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