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Physics > 1. Tristan - Year 9 > Flashcards

1. Tristan - Year 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

Used to determine the force to stretch a spring.
Force = Spring constant x extension

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2
Q

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

A

Ee = 1/2 x k x e2
Elastic potential energy (j) = 1/2 x spring constant (N/m) x extension2 (m)

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3
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A 
E<sub>k</sub> = 1/2 x m x v<sup>2</sup>
Kinetic energy (j) = 1/2 x mass (kg) x speed<sup>2</sup> (m/s)
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4
Q

What is the equation for change in objects gravitational potential energy store?

A

Change in objects gravitational energy store (j) = weight (N) x change in height (m)

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5
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A 
W = F x S 
Work done (j) = force applied (N) x distance moved (m)
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6
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy can not be created or destroyed.

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7
Q

What are thermal energy stores?

A

The energy a substance has because of its temperature.

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8
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

The energy stored in a springy object when you stretch it or squash it.

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9
Q

What are gravitational potential energy stores?

A

Used to describe the energy stored in an object because of its position such as an object above the ground.

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10
Q

What are kinetic energy stores?

A

The energy an object has because it is moving.

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11
Q

What are chemical energy stores.

A

Fuels, foods or the chemicals found in batteries. The energy is transferred during chemical reactions.

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12
Q

What energy transfer is occurring when an army charges?

A

Chemical energy to kinetic energy

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13
Q

What energy transfer is occurring when a car drives?

A

Chemical energy to kinetic energy

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14
Q

Thermal energy stores

A

Energy a substance has because of its temperature.

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15
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

Energy stored in an springy object when you stretch it or squash it.

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16
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Energy stored in an object because of its position eg. an object in the air abound the ground.

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17
Q

Kinetic energy stores

A

Energy an object has due to it moving.

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18
Q

What are chemical energy stores?

A

Includes fuels, food or chemicals found in batteries. Energy is transferred during chemical reactions.

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19
Q

What happens to the pressure as you increase the volume of a container?

A

The pressure decreases as there is more space in between the particles and the walls so collisions are less frequent

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20
Q

Which direction does pressure expanding act on the walls of the container?

A

At right angles

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21
Q

Which condition ensures that temperature doesn’t rise with pressure when the piston is pushed down?

A

If the compression is slow

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22
Q

What must the force of the piston overcome in order to compress the gas?

A

The pressure of the gas

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23
Q

What are the units for pressure?

A

kPa

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24
Q

What’s the formula for calculating the constant of Boyles law?

A

Constant = pressure x volume

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25
Q

What’s Boyles law?

A

A law stating that the pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature

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26
Q

Explain how heat is transferred via conduction

A

When the particles are heated they gain energy and vibrate faster, colliding with other particles more transferring heat energy

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27
Q

What is meant by a conductor?

A

A substance that allows heat energy to transfer through it easily

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28
Q

Describe what is meant by an insulator

A

A substance that does not allow heat energy to travel through it easily

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29
Q

Give an example of a conductor

A

Metal

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30
Q

Give an example of an insulator

A

Wood or plastic

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31
Q

Which of the following has the highest thermal conductivity? Wood or metal

A

Metal

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32
Q

What is the meaning of thermal conductivity?

A

How well a substance transfers heat through it

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33
Q

Heat from radiation is emitted in…

A

Waves

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34
Q

Heat given off from the body is an example of which energy transfer?

A

Radiation

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35
Q

The water in a kettle boiling is an example of which energy transfer?

A

Convection

36
Q

A saucepan getting hot is an example of what kind of energy transfer?

A

Conduction

37
Q

Where do more dense particles go?

A

To the bottom

38
Q

Which type of energy transfer takes place in a vacuum?

A

Radiation

39
Q

What happens to fluid particles as they are heated?

A

They gain energy and expand, becoming less dense and rise to the top

40
Q

Which state of matter is not a fluid?

A

Solid

41
Q

What type of heat transfer happens in fluids?

A

Convection

42
Q

What type of heat transfer happens in solids?

A

Conduction

43
Q

Why does increasing the temperature of a sealed gas container increase the pressure?

A

The energy transferred to the gas increases the kinetic energy and the speed increases, causing the particles to hit the walls of the container with greater force and more often

44
Q

What’s the control variable?

A

Things we keep the same

45
Q

What’s he dependent variable?

A

The thing that you’re measuring

46
Q

What’s the independent variable?

A

The thing that you change

47
Q

What’s the formula for pressure?

A

Pressure = force / area

48
Q

How do you measure the volume of a liquid?

A

Using a measuring cylinder

49
Q

How do you measure the mass of a liquid?

A

Place the liquid in a measuring cylinder and onto a balance

50
Q

How do you measure the volume of an irregular object?

A

Fill an eureka can up to the sprout with water, place object inside so that it displaces water

51
Q

How do you measure the mass of an irregular object?

A

Balance

52
Q

How do you measure the volume of a regular object?

A

Measure the height, length and width using a ruler and multiply together to find the volume

53
Q

Explain why the pressure on the container walls increases as the temperature rises?

A

The particles have more kinetic energy, hit the walls more frequently and with more force as they travel at higher speeds,

54
Q

How do you measure the mass of a regular object?

A

Using a balance

55
Q

What is pressure?

A

Force per unit area

56
Q

What is meant by gas pressure?

A

The force that a gas exerts on the walls of it’s container

57
Q

What are the units for density?

A

Kg/m^3

58
Q

What’s the formula for density?

A

Density = mass/volume

59
Q

What’s the arrangement of dense substances?

A

Particles are densely packed with little air spaces in between

60
Q

What’s density?

A

A measure of the mass per unit of volume of a substance

61
Q

What are the units for specific latent heat?

A

J/kg

62
Q

What’s the formula for specific latent heat?

A

E=mL

63
Q

What’s specific latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The energy required to change 1kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas without changing the temperature

64
Q

What’s specific latent heat of fusion?

A

The energy required to change 1kg of a substance from solid to liquid without changing the temperature

65
Q

What’s specific latent heat?

A

The amount of energy required change state of one kilogram of a substance with no change in temperature

66
Q

What’s latent heat?

A

The energy needed for a substance to change state

67
Q

Why is energy needed to change state?

A

To overcome the intermolecular forces between the particles

68
Q

What are formed when a change of state occurs due to cooling?

A

Intermolecular forces

69
Q

Which energy type is added or removed during a change in state?

A

Thermal energy

70
Q

Why is it important to say we still have the same substance but in a different form when there’s a change of state?

A

If you reverse the change, the substance with return to its original form and properties and the number of particles don’t change but they’re just arranged differently as mass is conserved

71
Q

What does kinetic theory of particles explain?

A

The properties of the different states of matter; solids, liquids and gases. each with different amounts of energy, arranged differently and move differently

72
Q

Are changes of state physical or chemical changes?

A

Physical because no new bonds are made

73
Q

What’s the difference between evaporation and boiling?

A

Evaporation happens on the surface to the particles with the most energy whereas boiling happens throughout the liquid and all particles have high enough energy to break bonds

74
Q

How does temperature link to the movement of particles and their kinetic energy?

A

The movement of particles increases alongside temperature as the particles gain kinetic energy

75
Q

What are the characteristics of the state of gas?

A

Particles move at high speeds, random directions, move freely, spaced far apart, random arrangement, compressed and can fill the shape of any container

76
Q

Which change of state describes gas to solid?

A

Deposition

77
Q

What are the characteristics of the state of solid?

A

Regular arrangement, tightly packed particles, vibrate about a fixed point, fixed shape and cannot flow nor be compressed

78
Q

What are the characteristics of the state of liquid?

A

Close together, random arrangement, move freely, take the shape of the container and they cannot be compressed

79
Q

Which change of state describes solid to gas?

A

Sublimation

80
Q

How does a hydroelectric dam work?

A

Water passes down the channel and turns the turbine.

The turbine spins the generator.

The generator converts this movement into energy.

81
Q

How does a power plant work?

A

Fuel is burned.

The water tank is heated from the steam.

The steam passes through a turbine and the turbine spins.

The turbine causes the generator to spin making electricity.

82
Q

What is wave power?

A

A wave generator uses the motion of the waves to turn a generator and make electricity.

83
Q

How does a turbine make electricity?

A

The kinetic energy is transferred into electricity.

84
Q

What are the different types of solar energy?

A

Water heating solar panels, electricity-generating solar cells, solar tower power plants,

85
Q

What are the different types of solar energy?

A

Water heating solar panels, electricity-generating solar cells, solar tower power plants,

86
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear power?

A
  • No greenhouse gases
    It has a very high energy density - this means we extract far more energy per kg of fuel compared to other energy sources.
87
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?

A

Risk of nuclear accidents
Used nuclear fuel is highly radioactive and needs to be stored away from humans for centuries.

Physics (18 decks)

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