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Dermatology Week 2 2017/18 > 1: Topical skin treatments > Flashcards

1: Topical skin treatments Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

fWhat are some different vehicles for topical drugs?

A

Gels

Creams

Ointments

Pastes

Lotions

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2
Q

Creams are an emulsion of ___ in water.

A

oil

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3
Q

Ointments are greasy - what chemical is responsible for this?

A

Paraffin

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4
Q

Where are lotions used?

A

Hairy areas e.g the scalp

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5
Q

Gels are semi-____.

They are used to treat hair bearing areas similar to which other vehicle?

A

semi-solid

lotions

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6
Q

Pastes are similar to gels in that they are semi-solid.

What are they often used along with?

A

Bandages

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7
Q

What type of topical therapy is used to rehydrate dry skin in conditions like eczema and psoriasis?

A

Emollients

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8
Q

Emollients are often cosmetically acceptable. What does this help the patient to do?

A

Comply with treatment

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9
Q

Very dry skin is known as ___ skin.

A

xerotic

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10
Q

What therapy is used for patients with xerotic skin?

A

Wet wraps

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11
Q

What type of dermatitis is characterised by red, bumpy, dry skin, occurs in elderly people and is known as “winter itch”?

A

Xerotic eczema

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12
Q

What topical therapy is used to treat inflammatory skin conditions like dermatitis, psoriasis and lichen planus?

A

Topical corticosteroids

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13
Q

What are three systemic effects of topical corticosteroids?

A

Vasoconstriction

Anti-inflammatory

Immunosuppressant

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14
Q

Psoriasis patients who suddenly stop their corticosteroid treatment are at risk of what?

A

Rebound pustular psoriasis

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15
Q

1 fingertip’s worth of topical steroids covers what surface area of skin?

A

2 hands worth of surface area

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16
Q

What are some dermatological side effects of topical steroids?

A

Skin atrophy

Purpura, telangectasia

Steroid rosacea

Abdominal striae

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17
Q

Topical steroids cause ___, which increases a patient’s chances of developing infections.

A

immunosuppression

18
Q

Drugs with names ending in -limus are ___ inhibitors.

How do they work?

What are they most commonly used for?

A

Calcineurin inhibitors

Inhibit lymphocyte activation

Atopic eczema

19
Q

What type of topical therapy is used to treat bacterial skin infections?

A

Antiseptics

20
Q

What is a family of viruses which commonly causes skin diseases?

A

Herpes

e.g Herpes simplex, Varicella zoster

21
Q

What is a skin disease caused by Herpes simplex?

A

Cold sores

22
Q

What is an infection which can complicate atopic eczema and results in monomorphic, punched out erosions; most commonly seen in infants?

A

Eczema herpeticum

23
Q

What is varicella zoster also known as?

A

Shingles

24
Q

What type of antivirals are used to treat:

a) cold sores
b) eczema herpeticum
c) herpes zoster?

A

a) Topical

b) Oral

c) Oral

25
Q

What type of topical therapy is used for fungal skin infections?

A

Antifungals

26
Q

What is a common fungal infection of the groin?

A

Candida

(Thrush)

27
Q

What are some topical antifungal drugs used to treat Candida infections?

A

Nystatin

Clotrimazole

28
Q

What are dermatophytes also known as?

A

Ringworm

29
Q

What is a disease caused by fungal infection, presenting as brown discolouration of the chest and back?

What topical antifungal is used to treat it?

A

Pityriasis versicolor

Ketoconazole

30
Q

What is itching also known as?

A

Pruritus

31
Q

What are some topical antipruritics?

A

Menthol

Capsaicin

32
Q

What type of topical drug softens keratin?

A

Keratinolytics

33
Q

In which diseases are topical keratinolytics used?

A

Viral warts

Hyperkeratotic eczema

PSORIASIS

Corns

Calluses

34
Q

What is an example of a keratinolytic drug used to treat viral warts, hyperkeratosis and psoriasis?

A

Salicylic acid

35
Q

In addition to mechanical paring (shaving) and keratinolytics, what specialised therapy can be used to remove viral warts?

A

Cryotherapy

(liquid nitrogen)

36
Q

Psoriasis has a special set of topical treatments. What are they?

A

EMOLLIENTS!!!

Coal tar

Topical steroids

Keratolytics

Vitamin D analogues

Dithranol

37
Q

What are some disadvantages of coal tar as a treatment for psoriasis?

A

Messy and smelly

38
Q

The three unique topical treatments for psoriasis are…

A

Coal tar

Vitamin D analogues

Dithranol

alongside the standard emollients, topical steroid and keratolytics

39
Q

What is the name given to psoriasis found in skin folds e.g the axillae?

A

Inverse psoriasis

40
Q

What type of dermatitis may any topical treatment cause?

A

Contact allergic dermatitis

you may be allergic to something in the treatment

Dermatology Week 2 2017/18 (8 decks)

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