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Biology Unit 2 GCSE > 1.) Topic 1 Classification And Biodiversity > Flashcards

1.) Topic 1 Classification And Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 broad groups of plants?

A

Flowering and non-flowering

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2
Q

What are the 2 broad groups of animals?

A

Vertebrates and invertebrates

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3
Q

What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

A

Vertebrates have a backbone where as invertebrates do not

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4
Q

Why are scientific names for organisms important?

A

So there is no confusion and one universal name can be provided for each organism that everyone can understand. The scientific community will know which organism is being referred too

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5
Q

Give 2 ways that organisms can be classified

A
  • Physical features

- Phylogenetic relationships

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6
Q

What are the 7 levels of classification

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
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7
Q

What are the 2 levels of classification used for the scientific naming of organisms

A

The Genus followed by the Species

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8
Q

What is the taxonomic system of classification

A

The 7 levels of classification

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9
Q

What are the 5 parts which the Kingdom group (taxon) consists of?

A

Bacteria, protoctista, fungi, plants and animals

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10
Q

What is the definition for ‘species’?

A

Organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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11
Q

Give 2 points why the classification of organisms is important

A

1 - It makes it easier to identify organisms

2 - It aids communication between scientists

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12
Q

What is the definition of classification

A

Grouping of organisms which is usually based on similarities between physical features

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13
Q

a) What are adaptations? (definition)

b) What are adaptations maintained by?

A

a) Adaptations are characteristics of an organism that increases its chance of survival
b) Natural selection

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14
Q

Why are adaptations important?

A

Adaptations that mean organisms are more suited to their environment will help them to survive and reproduce as they will be able to outcompete other individuals

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of adaptations?

A

Morphological and behavioural

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16
Q

What are morphological adaptations and give 3 examples

A

Structural adaptations of an organism e.g. camouflage, fur colour and leg length

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17
Q

What are behavioural adaptations and give 3 examples

A

Aspect of behaviour that aids survival e.g. What time the animal is active, the type of food it eats and bird calls

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18
Q

What is ‘competition’ and give 3 examples

A

When different organisms compete for the same resources e.g. food, shelter and mates

Or

Competition is a phenomenon that arises when 2 or more organisms share common resources that are in short supply within a habitat

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19
Q

Why is competition necessary in an ecosystem? x2

A

Competition is necessary when resources are limited and it leads to evolution by natural selection

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20
Q

What does competition limit?

A

Population size

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21
Q

Give 4 things animals compete for

A

Mates, space, food and water

22
Q

Give 4 things plants compete for

A

Light, water, space and minerals

23
Q

What are the 2 different types of competition in an ecosystem?

A

Interspecific and intraspecific competition

24
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Where organisms of DIFFERENT species compete for resources e.g. food, water, shelter etc…

25
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

When organisms from the SAME species compete for resources e.g. food, water, shelter etc…

26
Q

Define Biodiversity

A

The variety of living organisms in a particular area

27
Q

What are the 3 things which biodiversity is a combination of?

A
  • Species of diversity (variety of living organisms)
  • Genetic diversity (number of different genes)
  • Ecosystem diversity (range of ecosystems)
28
Q

Why is biodiversity important? (8 points)

A
  • Food
  • Potential foods
  • Industrial materials
  • New medicines
  • Human well being
  • Protects valuable future resources e.g. fuels and paper
  • Aesthetic reasons
  • Ecotourism benefits communities
29
Q

What are the different ways in which biodiversity can be maintained? (6)

A
  • Breeding and release programmes to boost populations
  • Active conservation of habitats of threatened species
  • Creation of habitats that have declined
  • Control of invasive species that may be spreading and pushing out other species
  • Legislation to protect habitats or individual species
  • Controlling population or other factors that might be threatening species or their habitats
30
Q

What is the CITES?

A

An international agreement that regulates the trade of endangered species so that their survival is not threatened and biodiversity can be maintained

31
Q

What is the difference between conservation and preservation?

A

Conservation is the sustainable and active management of an ecosystem whereas preservation aims to maintain an ecoystem in its current state

32
Q

What is the SSSI

A

An area of regulated and conserved land due to its natural features or the species it contains

33
Q

What are captive breeding programmes?

A

Captive breeding programmes are plans to help ensure the survival of a species by encouraging the existing members of that species to breed together in enclosures e.g. in zoos

34
Q

How are seedbanks useful for preserving biodiversity?

A

Maintain copies of important genes in the seeds which help to prevent extinction

35
Q

How can biodiversity be estimated?

A

By sampling areas of an ecosystem

36
Q

What are the 3 things you must ensure when choosing a sampling area?

A
  • Sample is of a sufficient size - the larger the sample size, the more representative of the area and the greater its validity
  • Avoid bias when choosing sample areas
  • Sampling method has no effect on the results
37
Q

What tool could be used to record the abundance of different plant species in a habitat?

A

A quadrat

38
Q

Why it it important to take lots of readings in different areas when using quadrats?

A

So that the sample area is accurately represented

39
Q

Why does the distribution of quadrats need to be random?

A

To prevent biased results

40
Q

What do transects measure?

A

The change in distribution of organisms in an area

41
Q

What are transects?

A

Series of samples taken in a line

They are lines that quadrats are placed along

42
Q

How can we determine the size of an animal population?

A

The capture-recapture method

43
Q

Describe the capture-recapture method (5)

A
  1. Capture a number of individuals of a particular species
  2. Mark the captured individuals
  3. Release them back into their habitat
  4. Some time later, another sample of the species is captured
  5. The proportion of marked individuals in the second sample will be the same as the initial sample (first sample)
44
Q

How can we estimate the total population size from the capture-recapture method?

A

Use the equation N = M X C / R

Where
N = Total population size estimate
M = Total number of animals captured and marked on the first visit
C = Total number of animals captured on the second visit
R = Number of animals captured on the first visit which were then recaptured on the second visit

45
Q

When are accurate results obtained? (6)

A

Adequate time between first and second samplings

No significant movement of the population into or out of the area during the time between samples

Marking does not adversely affect animal survival

marking does not affect the probability of recapture

Marks do not rub off

Few births or deaths in the population

46
Q

State 2 methods of pest control

A

Biological control

Pesticides

47
Q

What is biological control?

A

It is a method of controlling plant pests by deliberately introducing organisms that feed on the pests to decrease the number of them

48
Q

Why are trials needed before the introduction of biological control? (2)

A
  • The effect of non-target species needs to be determined

- The effectiveness of the chosen biological control method needs to be assessed

49
Q

Define alien species

A

A species that is introduced into an area (where is is not naturally found) in order to control specific pests or pathogens

50
Q

What are 3 problems associated with the introduction of alien species

A

Alien species population may grow out of control if they do not have a natural predator

They may outcompete or prey on existing species

They may carry new diseases that could infect existing species

51
Q

a) Give an example of a relationship which is negative feedback
b) What does it limit

A

a) Predator-prey relationships

b) It limits the maximum population sizes of both predator and prey species that can exist within an area

52
Q

What chemical controls the production of protein molecules?

A

DNA

Biology Unit 2 GCSE (9 decks)

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