Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURSE 146: Nursing Care of the Older Adult > 1: Theories of Aging > Flashcards

1: Theories of Aging Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Define Ageism.

A

Ageism refers to prejudice against the aged.
“Old People” generalizations are ageism.
Elderly are likely to accept and internalize it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Gerontology.

A

Gerontology is the study of both the aspects and consequences of old age.
It is the fastest growing specialty due to the “graying of America.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Differentiate between Life Expectancy and Life Span.

A

Life Expectancy: The probable number of years remaining in life.
Life Span: The average or maximum amount of time an organism, material, or object can be expected to last.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is Life Expectancy derived?

A

Life Expectancy is determined statistically, and is affected by factors, such as heredity, physical condition, nutrition, and occupation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many years are the Life Expectancy and Life Span of a human being?

A

Life Expectancy: ~70-80 years

Life Span: 140 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the five Biological Theories of Aging.

A

1: Wear & Tear
2: Free Radical Theory
3: Immunological theory
4: Neuroendocrine/ Neurochemical Theories
5: Programmed Longevity Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the Wear & Tear (biological) Theory of aging.

A
  • oldest theory
  • aging is the result of repeated use and injury over time
  • cells constantly wear out and repair themselves, but capacity of repair is exceeded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give one example of the Wear & Tear (biological) theory of aging.

A

Osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the Free Radical (biological) Theory of aging.

A

Products of oxidation result in cell breakdown.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give two examples of the Free Radical (biological) Theory of aging.

A

Cancer, cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Immunological (biological) Theory of aging.

A

Decline in immune system increases vulnerability to disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does gender play a role in the Immunological (biological) Theory of aging?

A

Women have a stronger immune system and therefore have a longer life expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the Neuroendocrine/ Neurochemical (biological) Theories of aging.

A

Exposure to hazards, such as carcinogens, sunlight, trauma, and infection, lead to aging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the Programmed Longevity (biological) theory of aging.

A

Involuntary inherited processes alter cellular or tissue structures, leading to aging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give an example of the Programmed Longevity (biological) theory of aging.

A

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the three Socio/Psychological Theories of aging.

A

1: Disengagement theory
2: Activity theory
3: Continuity theory

17
Q

Describe the Disengagement (Socio/Psychological) Theory of aging, including its basis and implications.

A
  • Disengagement Theory: A gradual withdrawal between society and the older adult
  • based upon a small study from the 1950s
  • The disengagement theory is what retirement age and Medicare are based upon
18
Q

Describe the Activity (Socio/Psychological) Theory of aging.

A

The Activity Theory of Aging involves remaining active and engaged (no aging).

19
Q

Describe the Continuity (Socio/Psychological) Theory of aging.

A
  • The Latter part of life is a continuation of the earlier part.
  • The body parts age at different speeds
  • Older adulthood is an extension of adulthood
20
Q

Which Socio/Psychological Theory of aging is the most current model?

A

The Continuity Theory

21
Q

Describe primary aging, including affected body systems.

A
  • Universal and irreversible physical changes that occur as individuals grow older.
  • Neuro, skeletal, hormonal
22
Q

Describe secondary aging, including possible causes and body systems.

A
  • “Common illnesses” or conditions in aging
  • Caused by habits, genes, and other influences.
  • Vary from person to person.
23
Q

What are the age ranges for Young Old, Middle Old, and Old Old?

A

Young Old: 60/65-75
Middle Old: 75-85
Old Old: 85+

24
Q

Name 6 Developmental theorists.

A
  1. Erickson
  2. Freud
  3. Havighurst
  4. Piaget
  5. Kohlburg
  6. Fowler
25
Q

Who developed a Developmental Crisis developmental theory?

A

Erickson

26
Q

Who developed a Psychosexual Development theory?

A

Freud

27
Q

Who developed a Developmental Tasks developmental theory?

A

Havighurst

28
Q

Who developed a Cognitive Development theory?

A

Piaget

29
Q

Who developed a Moral Development theory?

A

Kohlburg

30
Q

Who developed a FAith Development theory?

A

Fowler

31
Q

Describe Erickson’s Developmental Crisis, with regards to the aged.

A
  • Ego Integrity vs. Despair
  • Acceptance of one’s own life cycle
  • Tasks met/tasks unmet
  • Reminiscence provides fulfillment and purpose
32
Q

What is the difference between Ego Integrity and Despair, according to Erickson?

A

Ego Integrity: job, children, education (Uplifting connections to life)

Despair: Burdons, regrets

33
Q

Describe Freud’s Psychosexual Development, with regards to the aged.

A
  • Genital stage of sexuality
  • Fulfillment of relationship
  • May involve sharing meals, watching television together, etc.
34
Q

Describe Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks, with regards to the aged.

A
  • Changing social roles
  • Adjusting to decreasing physical status and health
  • Adjusting to retirement
  • Adjusting to death of spouse
  • Adjusting to living on fixed income
35
Q

Describe Piaget’s Cognitive Development, with regards to the aged.

A
  • Formal Operational stage (problem-solving, puzzles)
  • Uses abstract thinking and deductive reasoning
  • Get clues about life to demonstrate what client was doing before dementia began.
36
Q

Describe Kohlburg’s Moral Development, with regards to the aged.

A
  • Conventional: Respects values and ideals of others
  • Postconventional: Uses moral judgement that’s rational and internalized (may break rules)
  • May reach either stage
37
Q

Describe Fowler’s Faith Development, with regards to the aged

A
  • Universalizing Faith
  • Making tangible the values of absolute love and justice for humankind
  • Overcome paradoxes

NURSE 146: Nursing Care of the Older Adult (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions