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WSET D1 Wine Production > 1 The Vine > Flashcards

1 The Vine Flashcards

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1
Q

There are over —— known grape varieties in the world, but the vast majority of these varieties belong to one species, Vitis vinifera.

A

a thousand

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2
Q

There are over a thousand known grape varieties in the world, but the vast majority of these varieties belong to one species, ———.

A

Vitis vinifera

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3
Q

Vitis vinifera is indigenous to —-

A

Eurasia.

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4
Q

American vine species are also used in wine production in some regions (e.g. New York State), but their main function globally is as —— .

A

rootstocks on to which V. vinifera
is grafted.

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5
Q

The most important North American species are

A

Vitis labrusca,
Vitis riparia,
Vitis berlandieri and
Vitis rupestris

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6
Q

All vines have a similar structure. This structure can be divided into four sections, which are:

A

the shoots,
one-year-old wood,
permanent wood,
and the roots

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7
Q

What is canopy?

A

The shoots and all of their major
structures – buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils and inflorescences/grape bunches – are
collectively called the canopy.

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8
Q

The shoots on the vine grow in —– from buds retained from the previous year.

A

spring

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9
Q

The shoots on the vine grow in spring from ———.

A

buds retained from the previous year

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10
Q

The major structures of the shoots are:

A

the buds,
leaves,
tendrils,
lateral shoots
inflorescences or
grape bunches

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11
Q

What are solutes?

A

Solutes are substances like sugars and minerals that dissolve
in a liquid to form a solution

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12
Q

What are the main jobs of the main axis of the shoot?

A

transports water and solutes to and from the different structures and it is a store of carbohydrates

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13
Q

The little swellings along the shoot,
where the other structures are
attached, are called —–.

A

nodes

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14
Q

The lengths in between the nodes
are called ——-.

A

internodes

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15
Q

What does it mean when we say the green axis lignify?

A

In late summer, the leaves fall from the vine and the green shoots lignify (become woody, rigid and brown) from this point they are called canes.

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16
Q

In —— the vine will be
pruned to leave the necessary
structures for the next growing
season

A

the winter

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17
Q

What is petiole?

A

the leaf stalk

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18
Q

Where do the buds form?

A

Buds form between the leaf stalk (petiole) and the stem

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19
Q

What does a bud contain?

A

they contain all the structures in miniature that will become green parts of the vine, including the stem, buds,
tendrils, leaves and often inflorescences.

20
Q

What are the two main types of buds?

A

Compound buds
Prompt buds

21
Q

What is another name for Compound buds?

A

latent buds

22
Q

These buds form in one growing season and break open in the next growing season (provided they are retained during winter pruning). They produce the shoots in the next growing season.

A

Compound buds

23
Q

Within a compound bud, there is typically a primary bud (the main growing point) and smaller secondary and tertiary buds. Fact or fiction?

A

Fact! The secondary and tertiary buds usually only grow if damage has occurred to the primary bud (e.g. spring frost).

24
Q

These form and break open in the same growing season. They form on the primary shoot (that has just grown from a compound bud) and produce lateral shoots.

A

Prompt Shoots

25
Q

These shoots grow from buds formed in the current year (prompt buds)

A

Lateral

26
Q

Lateral shoots are smaller and thinner than the primary shoots.

A

True

27
Q

What is the main function of lateral shoots?

A

Their main function is to allow the plant to carry on growing if the tip of the primary shoot has been damaged or eaten.

28
Q

The process by which green plants use sunlight to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water.

A

photosynthesis

29
Q

How can lateral shoots contribute to the process of photosynthesis, and under what conditions are they most effective in providing additional leaves for this process?

A

Lateral shoots can provide an additional
source of leaves for photosynthesis which can be useful if the laterals are near
the ends of the primary shoots and able to benefit from sunlight.

30
Q

What is summer pruning for?

A

Growth of laterals nearer the base of the primary shoot can be undesirable as they impede air flow and can shade the fruit too much. They may be removed in summer pruning.

31
Q

What shoots often produce inflorescence?

A

Lateral shoots often produce inflorescences, which can be known as a ‘second crop’.

32
Q

What is second crop?

A

Lateral shoots that often produce inflorescences

33
Q

Name one grape variety that often forms inflorescences on lateral shoots

A

Pinot Noir

34
Q

When do the inflorescences on lateral shoots become grapes?

A

These inflorescences become bunches of grapes later than those on the main stem and hence ripen later.

35
Q

What will be the characteristics of grape bunches on lateral shoots if harvested at the same time as the main crop?

A

will be higher in acidity,
lower in sugar and
may have unripe tannins and aromas/flavours and,
in black grapes, less colour development

36
Q

The shoot cannot support itself, therefore vines have——

A

tendrils

37
Q

In the wild, tendrils would
have enabled the vine to attach itself to other plants or trees. In viticulture, grape growers use a —— to position the vine canopy

A

trellis

38
Q

Grape growers typically do not trust the tendrils to hold the vine to the trellis on their own and therefore they ——- .

A

tie in canes and shoots

39
Q

The —- are the main site of photosynthesis in the vine

A

leaves

40
Q

The —— produced in photosynthesis are used for vine growth and metabolism.

A

sugars

41
Q

——- open on the underside of the leaves, letting water diffuse out and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis to enter.

A

Stomata (pores)

42
Q

A process called ——- draws water and nutrients
from the soil up through the vine to the leaves.

A

transpiration

43
Q

Stomata ——- if the vine is water stressed.

A

partially close

44
Q

What is the effect of partially closed stomata?

A

This can help conserve water, but limits photosynthesis by preventing carbon dioxide from entering the vine.

45
Q

The ——- is a cluster of flowers on a stem, which becomes a bunch of grapes at fruit
set.

A

inflorescence

46
Q

The number of inflorescences on each shoot
can depend on the grape variety but is usually between ——-.

A

one and three

WSET D1 Wine Production (1 decks)

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