1. The Thoracic Wall

Question 0

Sternal Angle

Answer 0

Posterior: T4/5
Anteriorly: 2nd costal cartilage

Question 1

Suprasternal notch

Answer 1

Lower border of T2

Question 2

Xiphisternal joint

Answer 2

T9/10

Central tendon of diaphragm

Question 3

Nipple

Answer 3

4th IC space/5th rib

2-3cm above right diaphragm

Question 4

Anterior superficial muscles

Answer 4

Pectorialis major and minor
Serratus anterior
Abdominal wall muscles

Question 5

Internal muscles

Answer 5

Subcostal muscles (depress ribs)
Transversus thoracis (pull costal cartilages inferiorly)

Question 6

Typical and atypical intercostal nerves

Answer 6

Typical: T3-T6
Atypical: T1-T2, T7-T12

Question 7

Important dermatomes

Answer 7

C5 - Clavicles
C6 - Thumb
C6-C8 - Hand
C8-T1 - Medial side of arm
T4 - Nipple

Question 8

Posterior IC arteries

Answer 8

Supreme IC artery (1-2/3)
- Subclavian artery
Thoracic aorta

Question 9

Anterior IC arteries

Answer 9

Internal thoracic
Musculophrenic
Subcostal

Question 10

General venous drainage

Answer 10

IC space 1: brachiocephalic vein
IC space 2/3: superior IC vein
IC space 4-11: azygos R and hemi-azygos/accessory hemi-azygos L

Question 11

Right venous system

Answer 11

IC veins 4-11 and superior IC vein enter azygos vein which forms the SVC with the R brachiocephalic vein.

Question 12

Left venous system

Answer 12

Hemi-azygos and accessory hemi-azygos vein enter azygos vein. L superior IC vein enters L brachiocephalic which joins with the R one.

Question 13

Posterior mediastinum

Answer 13

Oesophagus
Thoracic aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygos venous system
Sympathetic trunk

Question 14

3 constrictions of the Oesophagus

Answer 14

L primary bronchus
Aortic arch
Diaphragm

Question 15

Oesophagus in superior mediastinum

Answer 15

Between trachea and vertebral column (T1-T4)
Kept in midline by aortic arch
Thoracic duct on L

Question 16

Oesophagus in inferior mediastinum

Answer 16

Posterior and R of aortic arch then inclines L and anterior to aorta
Anterior to thoracic duct
Enters oesophageal hiatus at T10

Question 17

Thoracic duct position

Answer 17

Anterior to T12-T5
Between azygos vein and thoracic aorta
L and posterior of oesophagus

Question 18

Thoracic duct drainage

Answer 18

Below diaphragm
L upper limb, L thorax, head and neck
Drains in venous angle in L brachiocephalic/subclavian vein