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ESA 2 - MSK > 1. The Hip Joint > Flashcards

1. The Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is at the hip?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint

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2
Q

Which bones articulate at the hip joint?

A

Acetabulum of pelvis and head of femur

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3
Q

Name an intracapsular ligament of the hip.

A

Ligament of head of femur

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4
Q

Describe the location of the ligament of head of femur.

A

Runs from acetabular fossa to fovea of femur.

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5
Q

What structure does the ligament of head of femur enclose?

A

Branch of obturator artery - blood supply to femoral head during childhood.

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6
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint.

A
  1. Iliofemoral ligament
  2. Pubofemoral ligament
  3. Ischiofemoral ligament
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7
Q

Describe the location and function of the iliofemoral ligament.

A
  • Runs from anterior inferior iliac spine to femoral intertrochanteric line.
  • Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint.
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8
Q

Describe the location and function of the pubofemoral ligament.

A

Runs from superior pubic rami to femoral intertrochanteric line.

Prevents hyperextension and hyperabduction.

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9
Q

Describe the location and function of the ischiofemoral ligament.

A

Runs from body of ischium to greater trochanter of femur.

Prevents hyperextension and limits medial rotation.

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10
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the hip joint.

A
  1. Mainly via branches of the profunda femoris arteries: medial and lateral circumflex arteries - anastomose at base of femoral neck to form a ring from which smaller retinacular arteries arise.
  2. Artery to head of femur (mainly during childhood)
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11
Q

Why might avascular necrosis of humeral head occur?

A
  1. Can occur in childhood after disruption of artery to head of femur - circumflex artery not fully developed to compensate.
  2. Can occur in adults after disruption of circumflex arteries, e.g. Intracapsular femoral neck fracture.
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12
Q

Which nerves innervate the hip joint?

A
  1. Femoral nerve (anteriorly)
  2. Nerve to quadratus femoris (posteriorly)
  3. Superior gluteal nerve (superiorly)
  4. Obturator nerve (inferiorly)
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13
Q

Name 4 factors providing stability at the hip joint.

A
  1. Acetabular labrum
  2. Joint capsule
  3. Ligaments
  4. Muscles
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14
Q

How does the acetabular labrum stabilise the hip joint?

A
  • Fibrocartilaginous collar attached to margin of acetabulum.
  • Increases depth of acetabulum, providing a larger articular surface.
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15
Q

How does the joint capsule stabilise the hip joint?

A

Attaches at the intertrochanteric line anteriorly - limits extension at the hip along with iliofemoral ligament.

(Posteriorly, lateral part of neck is extra-capsular).

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16
Q

How do ligaments stabilise the hip joint?

A
  1. Anteriorly and superiorly by iliofemoral - prevents hyperextension (screws femoral head into acetabulum)
  2. Inferiorly and anteriorly by pubofemoral - prevents overabduction
  3. Posteriorly by weaker ischiofemoral
  4. Accessory ligaments: transverse acetabular ligament - strengthens inferior portion of acetabulum where acetabular notch is.
17
Q

How do muscles stabilise the hip joint?

A

Muscles (medial and lateral rotators) and ligaments work in reciprocal fashion to pull femoral neck medially into acetabulum.

  • anteriorly where ligaments are stronger, medial flexors are fewer and weaker
  • Posteriorly where ligaments are weaker, medial rotators are greater in number and stronger - pull head of femur into acetabulum
18
Q

Which muscles mediate flexion of the hip joint?

A
  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Rectus femoris
  3. Sartorius
19
Q

Which muscles mediate extension of the hip joint?

A
  1. Gluteus maximum
  2. Biceps femoris - Long head
  3. Semimebranosus
  4. Semitendinosus
20
Q

Which muscles mediate abduction of the hip joint?

A
  1. Gluteus medius
  2. Gluteus minimus
  3. Deep gluteals
  4. Tensor fascia latae
21
Q

Which muscles mediate adduction of the hip joint?

A
  1. Adductor brevis, longus & magnus
  2. Gracilis
  3. Pectineus
22
Q

Which muscles mediate lateral rotation of the hip joint?

A
  1. Obturator externus & internus
  2. Gemelli
  3. Piriformis
  4. Quadratus femoris
  5. Gluteus maximus
23
Q

Which muscles mediate medial rotation of the hip joint?

A
  1. Anterior fibres of gluteus medius & minimus

2. Tensor fascia latae

ESA 2 - MSK (30 decks)

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