1. The Development Of Imperialism c1857-c1890 - Relations With Indigenous Flashcards
Who were the Boers?
They were descendants of the 17th Century Dutch settlers. They had moved away from the administrative centres, were fiercely independent and didn’t accept any outside rule
What did the British authorities do towards the boers?
They began to follow the Boers and hostilities developed such as the development of new laws - in 1823, English was to be adopted as their official language & the emancipation of British slaves in 1833
What effect did the laws enforced by the British have on the Boers?
They struck the Boers deeply as it threatened their economic stability as their farms depended on free labour. They were unhappy with British rule which lead to a large number of Boers to move away from the cape colony
What was the Great Trek?
the emigration of some 12,000 to 14,000 Boers from Cape Colony in South Africa between 1835 and the early 1840s, in rebellion against the policies of the British government
When did British - boer relations change
In the late 19th century, circumstances changed and the British came into conflict with both the Boers and indigenous people of Southern Africa
Who are the Bantu people?
Bantu peoples is used as a general label for the 300-600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages. They inhibit an area stretching east and southward from central Africa across the African Great Lakes
What increased tensions between Britain and the Boers?
The 1867 Europeans discovery of diamonds in West Griqualand, bordering the Orange free state. The discovery triggered a ‘diamond rush’ which attracted white settlers and indigenous Bantu people
Where did British annex in 1868 and 1871 and what did they say the indigenous Africans wanted?
In 1868 The British annexed Basutoland, claiming the indigenous Africans were seeking protection from the Boers. And in 1871, the British also took west Griqualand
What happened as a result of the 1871 annexation of west griqualand?
2000 Griqua people wanted to live outside the boundaries of colonial society to escape racial prejudice and so trekked eastwards to establish Griqualand east in 1873
What happened to Griqualand east in 1874
It was annexed by the british
When did Britain propose a federation of the British-Boer territories and what was the response?
In 1875 but the Boers gave a firm rejection
What failures did the Boers have and how did this allow Britain to annex the Transvaal?
In the Xhosa War, the British easily disarmed neighbouring communities and annexed them to the cape but the Boers were less successful against the pedis who had successfully maintained their independence in the eastern Transvaal. Therefore Britain announced the annexing of it in 1877
What did the British claim when annexing the Transvaal?
They claimed that they needed to protect white European settlers against the pedi and zulus. The Boers reluctantly accepted British aid and Britain intern launched and invasion of zululand in jan 1879
What happened in 1879 for relations between Britain and the Bantu?
The Zulu army defeated the British at Isandlwana. However reinforcments were sent and the British army defeated the zulus at their capital, Ulundi
What happened in 1880 for relations between Britain and the Boers?
After the zulus were defeated, the Boers declared independence from Britain
