1. The Clinical Challenge

Question 1

What is “The Clinical Challenge”?

Answer 1

• Often presented with late- or end-stage disease

- Need to understand where, when, why and how diseases start and progress

Question 2

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 2

Body is no longer able to carfefully regulate blood glucose levels leading to abnormally high levels (hyperglycaemia) as a consequence of insulin deficiency or insulin resistance

Question 3

What is the consequence of persistent hyperglycaemia?

Answer 3

• Damage to blood vessels and nerves

- Increased morbidity

Question 4

What are many cardiovascular diseases associated with?

What does this cause?

Answer 4

• Build up of plaque in the arterial walls

- Narrowing of arteries which increases difficulty of blood flow, increasing the risk of MI and stroke

Question 5

What do chronic lower respiratory diseases cause?

Answer 5

Airflow blockage and breathing-related issues

Question 6

What plays a major role in chronic lower respiratory diseases cause?

Answer 6

Inflammation

Question 7

What is cancer characterised by?

What is the consequence if this is not controlled?

Answer 7

• Uncontrolled cell proliferation and migration

- Interferes with essential, life-sustaining systems and eventually death

Question 8

What symptoms are associated with Anxiety/Depression?

Answer 8

Range of emotional, behavioural and physical symptoms

Question 9

What do neurodegenerative diseases cause?

What happens as this continues?

Answer 9

• Loss of neurones

- Increasing brain function impairment and eventually death