1 - Terms Flashcards
Ethos (Greek) and Mores (Latin) are terms having to do with “custom,” ”habit,” and “behavior
Ethics and Morality
study of morality
Ethics
a system of rules for guiding human conduct, and principles for evaluating those rules
Morality
moral rules can be understood as____ which is very similar to _______
“rules of conduct”
“policies”
for guiding our conduct as individuals (at the MICRO-level)
Directives
for guiding our conduct as individuals (at the MACRO-level)
Social Policies
are rules (of conduct) that guide our actions and thus direct us to behave in certain ways
Directives
The rules of conduct in a moral system are evaluated against standards called____
Principles
refer to the series of rules provided to an individual by an external source
Ethics
refer to an individual’s own principles regarding right and wrong
Morals
Evaluative standards used
to justify rules of conduct
Principles of Evaluation
The term ____ comes from the Latin valere, which translates roughly into having worth or being of worth
Value
are ultimately derived from a society’s system of values
Moral Principles
Any value that serves some further end or good is called ____ because it is tied to some external standard
Instrumental Value
Values such as life and happiness are ___ because they are valued for their own sake
Intrinsic Value
Once we bring in the notion of ____ we begin to take the “moral point of view”
Impartiality
study morality from the perspective of philosophical methodology
Ethicists
they appeal to logical arguments to justify their positions
Ethicists
often claim to have all of the answers regarding morality
Moralists
also exhibit characteristics that have been described as “preachy” and “judgmental”
Moralists
Ethicists approach the study of moral issues and controversies by way of standards that are both ___ and _____
rational (based on logic)
impartial (open to others to verify)
It is a complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another
Ethical Dilemma
Ethical dilemma is also known as ____
Moral Dilemma
The largest branch of ethics, it deals with how individuals can figure out the correct moral action that they should take
Normative Ethics
This branch of ethics seeks to understand the nature of ethical properties and judgments such as if truth values can be found and the theory behind moral principals
Meta-Ethics
Branch of ethics and is the study of applying theories from philosophers regarding ethics in everyday life
Applied Ethics
This branch of ethics questions how individuals develop their morality, why certain aspects of morality differ between cultures and why certain aspects of morality are generally universal
Moral Ethics
This branch of ethics is more scientific in its approach and focuses on how juman beings actually operate in the real world, rather than attempt to theorize about how they should operate
Descriptive Ethics
____ is any association of persons made to achieve common objectives
Usually it is a firm or a company created to undertake commercial business with the objective of making money
Enterprise
An attitude applied to people, organizational resources and environment
Respect
A promise made without the intention of fulfilling it
False Promises
The process of charging money or other advantages while performing an act for which a person is entrusted
Bribery
The willful misappropriation of a thing that was given in confidence
Breach of Trust
is defined as the output that a person produces towards his or her job
Productivity
When a person violates the rights of the others, the behavior is called ___
Aggressive Behavior
While on job you need to interact with different people. Most of your and other people’s rights are regarding this interaction
Interpersonal Behavior
This behavior means that you also violate the rights of the person violating yours
Return Aggression Behavior
This behavior means that you will not do anything but keep on cursing yourself from within
Non Assertive Behavior
This behavior means that you will be as specific and clear as possible about what you want, think, and feel
Assertive Behavior
A written set of guidelines issued by an organization to its workers and management to help them conduct their actions in accordance with its primary values and ethical standards
Code of Ethics
Employees must accurately represent their qualifications, educational backgrounds, experience and professional credentials
Competence
A term used to describe the situation in which a public official or fiduciary (trustee) who, contrary to the obligation and absolute duty to act for the benefit of the public or a designated individual, exploits the relationship for personal benefit
Conflict of Interest
The study of moral issues and decisions confronting individuals and organizations involved in engineering
engineering ethics
The study of related questions about moral conduct, character, ideals and relationships of peoples and organizations involved in technological development
engineering ethics
Rules and standards (written & unwritten) governing the conduct of engineers in their role as professionals
engineering ethics
It encompasses the more general concept of ethics but applies it more specifically to situations involving engineers in their professional life
Professional Ethics
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
Socrates, c.470-399 B.C.
“The happy life is thought to be virtuous; now a virtuous life requires exertion, and does not consist in amusement.”
Aristotle, 384-322 B.C.
A type of virtue; to think about a moral problem clearly and completely
Prudence (mind)
A type of virtue; control attraction to positive emotions
Temperance (emotions)
A type of virtue; control aversion for negative emotions
Fortitude (emotions)
A type of virtue; choose according to truth and fairness
Justice (will)
the branch of ethics dealing with duty, moral obligation, and moral commitment
Deontology
It judges the morality of an action based on adherence to a rule or set of rules
Deontology
emphasizes the role of one’s character and the virtues that one’s character embodies for determining or evaluating ethical behavior
Virtue Ethics
the theory that human actions derive their moral
worth solely from their outcomes or consequences
Consequentialism
the theory that ethical decisions should be made on the basis of the expected outcome or consequences of the action
Consequentialism
