1 - Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Ethos (Greek) and Mores (Latin) are terms having to do with “custom,” ”habit,” and “behavior

A

Ethics and Morality

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2
Q

study of morality

A

Ethics

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3
Q

a system of rules for guiding human conduct, and principles for evaluating those rules

A

Morality

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4
Q

moral rules can be understood as____ which is very similar to _______

A

“rules of conduct”

“policies”

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5
Q

for guiding our conduct as individuals (at the MICRO-level)

A

Directives

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6
Q

for guiding our conduct as individuals (at the MACRO-level)

A

Social Policies

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7
Q

are rules (of conduct) that guide our actions and thus direct us to behave in certain ways

A

Directives

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8
Q

The rules of conduct in a moral system are evaluated against standards called____

A

Principles

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9
Q

refer to the series of rules provided to an individual by an external source

A

Ethics

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10
Q

refer to an individual’s own principles regarding right and wrong

A

Morals

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11
Q

Evaluative standards used

to justify rules of conduct

A

Principles of Evaluation

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12
Q

The term ____ comes from the Latin valere, which translates roughly into having worth or being of worth

A

Value

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13
Q

are ultimately derived from a society’s system of values

A

Moral Principles

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14
Q

Any value that serves some further end or good is called ____ because it is tied to some external standard

A

Instrumental Value

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15
Q

Values such as life and happiness are ___ because they are valued for their own sake

A

Intrinsic Value

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16
Q

Once we bring in the notion of ____ we begin to take the “moral point of view”

A

Impartiality

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17
Q

study morality from the perspective of philosophical methodology

A

Ethicists

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18
Q

they appeal to logical arguments to justify their positions

A

Ethicists

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19
Q

often claim to have all of the answers regarding morality

A

Moralists

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20
Q

also exhibit characteristics that have been described as “preachy” and “judgmental”

A

Moralists

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21
Q

Ethicists approach the study of moral issues and controversies by way of standards that are both ___ and _____

A

rational (based on logic)

impartial (open to others to verify)

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22
Q

It is a complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another

A

Ethical Dilemma

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23
Q

Ethical dilemma is also known as ____

A

Moral Dilemma

24
Q

The largest branch of ethics, it deals with how individuals can figure out the correct moral action that they should take

A

Normative Ethics

25
This branch of ethics seeks to understand the nature of ethical properties and judgments such as if truth values can be found and the theory behind moral principals
Meta-Ethics
26
Branch of ethics and is the study of applying theories from philosophers regarding ethics in everyday life
Applied Ethics
27
This branch of ethics questions how individuals develop their morality, why certain aspects of morality differ between cultures and why certain aspects of morality are generally universal
Moral Ethics
28
This branch of ethics is more scientific in its approach and focuses on how juman beings actually operate in the real world, rather than attempt to theorize about how they should operate
Descriptive Ethics
29
____ is any association of persons made to achieve common objectives Usually it is a firm or a company created to undertake commercial business with the objective of making money
Enterprise
30
An attitude applied to people, organizational resources and environment
Respect
31
A promise made without the intention of fulfilling it
False Promises
32
The process of charging money or other advantages while performing an act for which a person is entrusted
Bribery
33
The willful misappropriation of a thing that was given in confidence
Breach of Trust
34
is defined as the output that a person produces towards his or her job
Productivity
35
When a person violates the rights of the others, the behavior is called ___
Aggressive Behavior
36
While on job you need to interact with different people. Most of your and other people’s rights are regarding this interaction
Interpersonal Behavior
37
This behavior means that you also violate the rights of the person violating yours
Return Aggression Behavior
38
This behavior means that you will not do anything but keep on cursing yourself from within
Non Assertive Behavior
39
This behavior means that you will be as specific and clear as possible about what you want, think, and feel
Assertive Behavior
40
A written set of guidelines issued by an organization to its workers and management to help them conduct their actions in accordance with its primary values and ethical standards
Code of Ethics
41
Employees must accurately represent their qualifications, educational backgrounds, experience and professional credentials
Competence
42
A term used to describe the situation in which a public official or fiduciary (trustee) who, contrary to the obligation and absolute duty to act for the benefit of the public or a designated individual, exploits the relationship for personal benefit
Conflict of Interest
43
The study of moral issues and decisions confronting individuals and organizations involved in engineering
engineering ethics
44
The study of related questions about moral conduct, character, ideals and relationships of peoples and organizations involved in technological development
engineering ethics
45
Rules and standards (written & unwritten) governing the conduct of engineers in their role as professionals
engineering ethics
46
It encompasses the more general concept of ethics but applies it more specifically to situations involving engineers in their professional life
Professional Ethics
47
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
Socrates, c.470-399 B.C.
48
“The happy life is thought to be virtuous; now a virtuous life requires exertion, and does not consist in amusement.”
Aristotle, 384-322 B.C.
49
A type of virtue; to think about a moral problem clearly and completely
Prudence (mind)
50
A type of virtue; control attraction to positive emotions
Temperance (emotions)
51
A type of virtue; control aversion for negative emotions
Fortitude (emotions)
52
A type of virtue; choose according to truth and fairness
Justice (will)
53
the branch of ethics dealing with duty, moral obligation, and moral commitment
Deontology
54
It judges the morality of an action based on adherence to a rule or set of rules
Deontology
55
emphasizes the role of one's character and the virtues that one's character embodies for determining or evaluating ethical behavior
Virtue Ethics
56
the theory that human actions derive their moral | worth solely from their outcomes or consequences
Consequentialism
57
the theory that ethical decisions should be made on the basis of the expected outcome or consequences of the action
Consequentialism