1. Tectonic hazards & processes key words Flashcards
What is basalt?
Fine grained, igneous rock that underlies more of the earths surface that any other rock type, especially ocean basins - mainly associated with constructive plate boundaries.
What is andesite?
Typically found is lava flows, produced by stratovolcanoes. Generally formed after oceanic plate melts during it’s descent into the subduction zone.
What is rhyolite?
Formed from granitic magma in continental or continent margin volcanic eruptions reaches the surface. It is rarely produced at oceanic eruptions
What is the subduction zone?
The place where two lithospheric plates come together , one riding over the other. Most volcanoes on land occur parallel to and inland from the boundary between the two plates.
What is the benioff zone?
A dipping flat zone where earthquakes are produced by the interaction of a down going oceanic crustal plate with a continental plate.
What is a mega disaster?
An extreme disaster which can have global impacts.
What is resilience?
The capacity to overcome or recover from a setback or hazard.
What is mitigation?
Reducing the impact of a problem.
What is hazard profile?
A method to help in preparation for a hazard using several key elements such as speed of onset and areal extent.
What is crustal fracturing?
Occurs when the earths crust causes rock to break and fracture under stress and strain caused by seismic stresses.
What is areal extent?
The area over which damage occurs or a hazard is felt.
What is spacial predictability?
The extent to which the location of a hazard can be known in advance: this is generally easy for volcanoes but less along fault lines.
What is speed of onset?
The time between an event occurring and it being felt.
What is the PAR model?
A model developed by Blaikie et al (1994). It depicts disaster as a product of physical exposure and socioeconomic pressure.
What is threshold?
The level of resilience a community has before it has before it is overwhelmed by a disaster.
What is focal depth?
The depth of an earthquake, the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts.
What is community adaption?
Cooperation within communities to change people’s way of life to reduce tectonic hazard impact.
What is community preparedness?
Cooperation within communities to get ready for tectonic events. This can take a variety of forms.
What is a multiple-hazard zone?
An area which suffers from two or more hazards.
What is a hydro-meteorological hazard?
A hazard relating to weather or weather patterns such as tropical storms, floods or droughts.
What is retrofitting?
The addition of something to a building after it was built to help it withstand tectonic events.
What is the lithosphere?
The strong. upper 100 km of the earth, tectonic plate.
What is the asthenosphere?
The weak, easily deformed layer of the earth which acts as a lubricant for the tectonic plates to slide over.
