1: Systematics

Question 1

Define Systematics

Answer 1

Study of biology diversity, the relationships between organisms (trees) & their evolutionary history

Question 2

Cladogram

Answer 2

Diagram that shows the relationships between organisms

Question 3

Phylogram

Answer 3

Branching diagram showing inferred evolutionary relationships, (length of branches represent genetic distance)

Question 4

Hierarchical Categories

Answer 4

Kingdom
Phylum/Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 5

Suffix

1) Kingdom
2) Phylum
3) Class
4) Order
5) Family

Answer 5

1) Plantae
2) …phyta
3) …sida
4) …ales
5) …ceae

Question 6

A Monophyletic Group

Answer 6

a terminal clade which consists of a group
of species with a single common ancestor and all its descendants;
(all species in a genus should have a common ancestor),
(all genera in an order should have a common ancestor)

Question 7

A Paraphyletic Group

Answer 7

has a common ancestor but not all the

descendants

Question 8

A Polyphyletic Group

Answer 8

has two or more ancestors

Question 9

A Homologous Group

Answer 9

has a common origin, but not a necessarily a
common function
(Monophyletic group)

Question 10

An Analogous Group

Answer 10

has a common function, but not a common origin

result of convergent evolution

Question 10

An Analogous Group

Answer 10

has a common function, but not a common origin

result of convergent evolution

Question 11

Convergent evolution

Answer 11

process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar necessities.

Question 12

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

3 Steps at 30 - 40 cycles

Answer 12

1) Denaturation
(1 min at 94* C)
2) Annealing
(45 seconds at 54* C
3) Extension
(2 mins at 72* C