(1) Structure Determines Properties

Question 0

Orbitals

Answer 0

Probability of finding an electron at a particular point (__s^2)

Question 1

Mass number

Atomic number

Answer 1

Mass number (protons+neutrons) top
Atomic number (protons) bottom

Question 2

S orbitals

Answer 2

1s has no nodes
2s has one
3s has two

Increasing energy with number of nodal surfaces

Question 3

P orbitals

Answer 3

Dumbbell shaped
Not present in first electron shell
Three orbitals for each value of n>1

Question 4

Aufbau principle

Answer 4

Place electrons in lowest energy orbital first

Question 5

Hunds rule

Answer 5

Equal energy orbitals are half filled first

Question 6

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 6

Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins

Question 7

Covalent, ionic bonding

Answer 7

Electron pair is shared

Electrons are transferred

Question 8

Formal charge calculation

Answer 8

(Valence electrons)-(#nonbonding electrons)-(1/2 #bonding electrons)

Question 9

Multiple bonds

Answer 9

More than two electrons may need to be shared in order to reach octets

Question 10

Bonding patterns of C, N, O H Cl

Answer 10

Carbon: 4,0
Nitrogen: 3,1
Oxygen: 2,2
Hydrogen: 1,0
Chlorine: 1,3

Question 11

Electronegative vs electro positive

Answer 11

Attracts electrons

Releases electrons

Question 12

Resonance structures stability

Answer 12

Has as many octets as possible
Has as many bonds as possible
Has the negative charge on most electronegative atom
Has as little charge separation as possible

Question 13

VSEPR (valence she’ll electron pair repulsions)

Answer 13

Increasing force of repulsion between electron pairs

Bonded pair-bonded pair (least repulsive)

Unshared pair-bonded pair

Unshared pair unshared pair: most repulsive

Most stable arrangement of groups attached to central atom has maximum separation of electron pairs

Question 14

Third row elements

Answer 14

Can have expanded octets due to 3d orbitals (SCH3CH3)

Question 15

Bronsted Lowry acids

Answer 15

Can donate a proton

Question 16

Bronsted Lowry bases

Answer 16

Can accept a proton

Question 17

Bronsted Lowry acid base reaction

Answer 17

A proton transferred from acid to base to form conjugate acid and base

Question 18

As size increases, bronsted Lowry acids

As electro negativity increases

Answer 18

H more loosely held and bond is easier to break

Larger size stabilizes anion

As the bond to H becomes more polarized H becomes more positive and bond is easier to break