1- Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

The science of data. This involves collecting, classifying, summarizing, organizing, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting numerical and categorical information.

Question 2

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 2

Utilized numerical and graphical methods to look for patterns in a data set, to summarize the information revealed in a data set, and to present that information in a convenient form.

Question 3

Variable

Answer 3

A characteristic or property of an individual experimental unit in the population

Question 4

Inferential Statistics

Answer 4

Utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, predictions, or other generalizations about a larger set of data.

Question 5

Experimental unit

Answer 5

Is an object about which we collect data

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

Is a set of all units that we are interested in studying

Question 7

Measurement

Answer 7

The process used to assign numbers to variables of individual population units

Question 8

Sample

Answer 8

Subset of the units of a population

Question 9

Statistical inference

Answer 9

An estimate, prediction, or some other generalization about a population based on information contained in a sample

Question 10

Measure of Reliability

Answer 10

A statement about the degree of uncertainty associated with a statistical inference

Question 11

Quantitative Data

Answer 11

Measurements that are recorded on a naturally occurring numerical scale

Question 12

Qualitative Data

Answer 12

Measurements that cannot be measured on a natural numerical scale; they can only be classified into one of a group of categories

Question 13

Designed experiment

Answer 13

Data collection method where the researcher exerts full control over the characteristics of the experimental units sampled. These experiments typically involve a group of experimental units that are assigned the treatment and untreated (or control) group

Question 14

Simple Random Sample

Answer 14

n experimental units is a sample selected from the population in such a way that every different sample of size n has an equal chance of section

Question 15

Selection bias

Answer 15

Results when a subset of experimental units in the population has little or no chance of being selected for the sample

Question 16

Nonresponse vías

Answer 16

A type of selection bias that results when data on all experimental units in a sample are not obtained

Question 17

Measurement error

Answer 17

Inaccuracies in the value of the data collected. In surveys, the error may be due to ambiguous or leading questions and the interviewer’s effect on the respondent