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ISC > 1. Sec and Risk Management / 2. Assets > Flashcards

1. Sec and Risk Management / 2. Assets Flashcards

1
Q

military classification

A

unclassidied, confidential, secret, top secret

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2
Q

commercial classification

A

public, sensitive, confidential/private

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3
Q

policy components

A

procedures, guidelines, baselines, standards, policies

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4
Q

STRIDE

A

threat categorization scheme focused on application threats

spoofing
tampering
repudiation
information disclosure
DoS
elevation of privileges
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5
Q

DREAD

A

threat rating system used for threat priorization

damage potential
reproducibility
exploitability
affected users
discoverability
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6
Q

security management planning

A

strategic: long-term goals, missions
tactical: midterm, how to accomplish goals?
operational: short-term, highly detailed

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7
Q

quantitative risk analysis

A

Assign Asset Value AV
Calculate Exposure Factor EF
Calculate Single Loss Expectancy SLE=AVEF
Assess annualized rate of occurance ARO
Derive annualized loss expectancy ALE=SLEARO

Perform cost/benefit analysis of countermeasures (ALE1-ALE2-ACS) (annual cost of safeguard)

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8
Q

qualitative risk analysis

A

brainstorming. delphi, surveys, checklists, interviews, meetings

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9
Q

delphi technique

A

anonymous feedback-and-response process to reach an anonymous consensus. Gives honest an uninfluenced responses. repeatet until consensus is found

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10
Q

risk assignment

A

assigning or transferring risk

insurance or outsourcing (SLA)

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11
Q

risk acceptance

A

management has agreed to accept the consequences because of negative cost/benefit analysis of possible safeguards

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12
Q

risk

A

threatsvulnerabilitiesasses value= total risk (combination)

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13
Q

residual risk

A

total risk-controls gap = residual risk

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14
Q

types of controls I

A

technical: hardware, software
administrative: policies, procedures
physical

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15
Q

types of controls II

A

deterrent: appeals to human decision not to….
preventive: blocks the action
detective: discovers after occurence
corrective: corrects problems (reboot, restore)
recovery: advanced correction: imaging, clustering…
directive: direct control of actions to force compliance (escape route signs, posted notifications)

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16
Q

risk framework management

RFM

A
  1. categorize
  2. select
  3. implement
  4. assess
  5. authorize
  6. monitor
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17
Q

BCP steps

A
  1. project scope, planning
  2. business impact analysis
  3. continuity planning
  4. approva, implementation
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18
Q

BCP step 1

project scope and planning

A
  • business organization analysis builds foundation for BCP team selection
  • BCP team selection (representatives from each operational and support departments
  • face legal and regulatory requirements (due diligence, regulations, obligations to clients)
  • resource requirements (personal, time)
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19
Q

BCP step 2

business impact analysis BIA

A
  • identify priorities (threats and their relevance, MTD, MTO Maximum Tolerable Outage, RTO Recovery Time Objectve)
  • risk identification
  • likelihood assessment (ARO)
  • impact assessment (EF, SLE, ALE)
  • ressource priorization (to identified risks)
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20
Q

BCP step 3

continuity planning

A
  • strategy development ( which risks will be adressed? in accordance to priorization from step 2 and MTD)
  • provisions and processes (people first!)
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21
Q

BCP step 4

approval and implementation

A
  • approval by senior management
  • training, education
  • BCP documentation (written record for everyone affected
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22
Q

What is included in BCP documentation?

A

goals, statement of importance, statement of priorities and responsibility, risk acceptance/mitigation, emergency response guidelines, maintenance testing)

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23
Q

law

A

common law:

criminal: murder, robbery
civil: business
administrative: government agencies

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24
Q

copyright

A

books, poems, songs
70 years after death

work for hire:
95 years after date of publication
120 years after date of creation

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25
Q

trademarks

A

names, slogans, logos

TM without registration
R after registration

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26
Q

patent

A

inventions

20 years from request

27
Q

trade secret

A

protects operating secrets
no registration
adequate controls, NDA required

28
Q

software licensing

UCITA

A
  • contractual license: written contract
  • shrink-wrap: on software package
  • click trough
  • cloud service license agreement: online click though
29
Q

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act 1987

A

protects computer used by government or in interstate commerce

30
Q

Computer Security Act 1987

A
  • NIST is responsible for securing government systems
  • NSA is responsible for securing classified systems
  • NIST is responsible for developing standards
  • requires security plans by all operators of federal computer systems
  • requires training for all people involved in management and use of federal computers
31
Q

DMCA Digital Millenium Copyright Act

A
  • limits the liability of ISPs for the activities of their users
  • copyright protecting mechanisms placed in digital media
  • 1 Mio $ or up to 10 years for repeated offenders
  • in compliance with WIPO
32
Q

export restrictions

wassenaar agreement

A

india, pakistan, afghanistan, cuba, north korea, sudan, syria

33
Q

privacy in US constitutions

A

4th amendment

34
Q

Health Information Tech for Economical und Clinical Health Act 2009
HITECH

A
  • updates HIPAA
  • protected health information (PHI) processed by other firms are covered by HIPAA
  • data breaches must be notified to individuals, Secretary of Health and media
35
Q

Safe Harbour

A
  • directive to protect personal data processed by infosystems
  • organizations outside EU must apply these rules
  • department of commerce certifies businesses and offers them “safe harbour”

notice: inform individuals about purpose of collecting data
choice: opt-out
onward transfer: transfer only to compliant organizations
data integrity: data is allowed to use only for purpose declared befor
access: individuals have the right to correct or delete if inacurate
enforcement: implement mechanisms to ensure compiance with principles above

36
Q

PCI-DSS

A

self regulated

compliant with sabanes-oaxley

37
Q

PII

A

personalli identifiable information

38
Q

PHI

A

protected health information

39
Q

managing sensitive data

A
  • labeling (identifies classification)
  • handling (secure transportation)
  • storing (encryption, loss prevention, physical)
  • destroying
40
Q

destroying sensitive data

A
  • erasing: delete op, data remains on drive
  • clearing: overwriting
  • purging: intense clearing
  • declassification : reuse in unclass. environment
  • sanitization: remote all data, purge or destroy media
  • degaussing: magnetic field
  • destruction: crushing, shredding, acid
41
Q

data owner

A

senior management
identifies classification, ensures labeling, ensures sec controls bases on classification, decides privileged and access rights

42
Q

system owner

A

often same as data owner

responsible for system sec und system labeling

43
Q

business/mission owner

A

own processes managed by IT

cost/profit oriented

44
Q

data processors

A

processes data on behalf of the owner

45
Q

administrators

A

assign permissions based on need to know

46
Q

custodians

A

day to day routines, backup, storing

47
Q

Baselines

A

provide minimum security standard
listing of basic controls
imaging

48
Q

Scoping/Tailoring Baselines

A

Scoping: Select only the baselinses that meet requirements

Tailoring: Modity baselines, so that they align with the mission of an organization

49
Q

Policies, Standards, Guidelines, Procedures

PSGP

A

Policy: overview of an organizations security needs

Standard: tactical documents, that define methods to accomplish the goals and overall direction defined by security policy

Guideline: recommendations on how standards and baselines are implemented. operational guide

Procedures: step-by-step how-to document to implement a specific security mechanism

50
Q

Baseline

A

Mimimun level of security that every system must meet

51
Q

Vulnerability

A

The weakness in an asset + the absence of a safeguard

52
Q

Threat

A

Any potential occurence that could cause damage, disclosure oder loss

53
Q

Breach

A

Security mechanism being bypassed by a threat agent

54
Q

third party governance

A

mandadet by law, regulation, industry standard, licensing requirements

55
Q

exigent circumstance doctrine

A

exception to search warrant because destruction of evidence is near

56
Q

Tort law

57
Q

downstream liabilities

A

Haftung bei intrusion and theft of data from customers or business partners

58
Q

remanence

A

residual magnetization

59
Q

due care
due diligence
negligence

A

due care is informal
due diligence follows a process

negligence is the opposite (Fahrlässigkeit)

60
Q

attestation

A

the secutity practices of a service provider are reviewed by third party finally attested

61
Q

compartmentilization

A

technical method for enforcing need to know

62
Q

SSD erase

A

ATA Secure Erase or destruction

garbage collection by TRIM does not reliably destroy data

63
Q

SRAM

DRAM

A

SRAM: fast, flipflop, expensive

DRAM: capacitors, slow, cheap

ISC (10 decks)

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