1. Roles, processes, organs and cells of the immune system

Question 1

DAMPs

Answer 1

Any non-functional molecules regardless of location

Question 2

Danger signals

Answer 2

Normal intracellular molecules

Question 3

PAMPs

Answer 3

On pathogens

Question 4

Alarmins

Answer 4

• PAMPs
• DAMPs
• Danger signals

Question 5

Microbiota

Answer 5

Gut flora w/ many diverse microbial communities

Question 6

Microbiome

Answer 6

Collective genomic content of gut microbiota

Question 7

Dendritic cell maturation

Answer 7

• MHC II

- CD80 and/or CD86 (connect to CD28)

Question 8

HLA

Answer 8

Human leukocyte antigen

- Gene complex that encode MHC proteins in humans

Question 9

Principles of adaptive immune response

Answer 9

• Specificity
• Sensitivity
• Memory
• Clonal selection-based operation

Question 10

Examples of secondary immune organs

Answer 10

• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• MALT
• SIS (skin immune system)
• Waldeyer’s ring (tonsils)

Question 11

Phases of immune response

Answer 11

1) Recognition phase (activation, blast form.)
2) Central phase (cell prolif., differentiation)
3) Effector phase (destruction)

Question 12

Examples of regulatory cells

Answer 12

• Treg
• Breg
• iDC

Question 13

Examples of effector cells

Answer 13

• Th1
• B
• mDC

Question 14

Effects of cytokines

Answer 14

Migration, differentiation, proliferation, vesicle secretion, metabolism, apoptosis

Question 15

Characteristics of cytokines

Answer 15

• Messenger and regulatory functions
• Function via membrane receptors
• Often transitional effect
• Antagonistic, additive, synergistic effects
• Many different cells secrete same cytokine
• > Have pleiotropic effect

Question 16

Proinflammatory cytokines

Answer 16

• IL-1
• IFN
• TFN
• IL-12
• IL-17
• IL-18
• IL-33

Question 17

Antiinflammatory cytokines

Answer 17

• IL-10
• TGF
• IL-13
• IFN
• IL-35

Question 18

Cytokine types

Answer 18

1) Chemokines
2) Adipokines
3) Interleukins (1-35)
4) TNF
5) IFN