1- Retinal imaging Flashcards
What is retinal imaging?
A diagnostic tool that provides detailed visualization of the retina and adjacent structures, aiding in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of ocular pathologies.
What historical development in retinal imaging occurred in 1926?
Carl Zeiss and J.W. Nordensen developed the first fundus camera with a 20-degree field of view.
List the clinical significance of retinal imaging.
- Integral to the diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of ocular diseases across all age groups
- Essential in evaluating retinal health, detecting subtle pathological changes, and guiding therapeutic decisions.
What are the indications for retinal imaging?
- Diagnosis: Identifying and characterizing ocular pathologies
- Prognosis: Assessing disease progression and treatment efficacy.
What does fundus photography capture?
2D images of the retina for diagnostic and documentation purposes.
What is the evolution of fundus photography?
From initial 20-degree to advanced 200-degree ultra-wide field (UWF) imaging.
What are some clinical applications of fundus photography?
- Evaluating diabetic retinopathy
- Retinoblastoma
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
- Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
What are the advantages of fundus photography?
- Provides reproducible, objective documentation
- Facilitates both contact and non-contact imaging
- Modern devices capture a 200-degree field.
What are the disadvantages of fundus photography?
- High equipment cost and space requirements
- Limited to 2D representations
- Bright illumination may necessitate pupil dilation.
What does ultrasonography (B-Scan) utilize to generate images?
High-frequency sound waves.
What are the clinical applications of ultrasonography?
- Detecting intraocular tumors
- Vitreous hemorrhage
- Advanced cataracts.
List the advantages of ultrasonography.
- Cost-effective and portable
- Enables visualization despite media opacities.
What are the disadvantages of ultrasonography?
- Requires direct ocular contact with a probe
- Limited to grayscale imaging
- Operator-dependent; requires specialized training.
What is the primary function of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)?
Provides high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of retinal layers.
Name some common OCT systems in the U.K.
- Topcon OCT
- Heidelberg Spectralis OCT
- Leica HH-OCT
- Zeiss Cirrus OCT.
What are the advantages of OCT?
- High spatial resolution enables early detection of microstructural abnormalities
- Non-invasive and rapid acquisition.
What are the disadvantages of OCT?
- Expensive technology requiring specialized training
- Limited tissue penetration in highly opaque media.
What is the diagnostic utility of OCT?
- Identifies foveal abnormalities, optic nerve pathology, and subretinal fluid.
What pediatric applications does OCT have?
- Diagnoses structural anomalies
- Identifies pediatric glaucoma and optic disc anomalies.
What is the definition of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the context of retinal imaging?
Computational models capable of mimicking human cognitive processes, including decision-making and image interpretation.
What are the advantages of AI in retinal imaging?
- Enhances diagnostic accuracy and efficiency
- Reduces inter-observer variability.
- Facilitates large-scale screening programs.
What are the challenges and limitations of AI in retinal imaging?
- Requires extensive, diverse datasets for robust performance
- Limited applicability in rare or atypical cases.
True or False: Fundus photography is critical for tracking chronic conditions.
True.
Fill in the blank: The most suitable imaging modality for peripheral retinal examination is _______.
[Advanced fundus photography].
