1. Respiration in water Flashcards
How do animals usually release energy from food?
Oxidation, aerobic respiration
In low oxygen conditions, what can be used as an electron acceptor
Sulphur or Carbon
Is anaerobic respiration common in multicellular organisms?
No, not sustainable for long periods of time. Can be used to fuel short bursts of energy, eg running in cheetahs due to their short muscle twitch
What often utilised anaerobic respiration?
Bacteria
How have some animals adapted to living in low oxygen environments (eg hydrothermal vents)
Give an example
By maintaining symbiotic relationships with anaerobic bacteria
Marine nematode has a coat of anaerobic sulphide reducing bacteria
What are the names for
Not enough oxygen
Too much oxygen
Not enough oxygen = hypoxia
Too much oxygen = hyperoxia
How is the movement of oxygen from the external environment to the cells facilitated?
By diffusion, along a concentration gradient.
What is cutaneous respiration?
Where the oxygen demand can be met by diffusion through the skin. More common in smaller organisms
What is cutaneous respiration dependant on?
a moist environment
Do aquatic or terrestrial animals have a LARGER upper size limit capable of cutaneous respiration?
Aquatic animals have a larger upper limit.
Examples of 5 adaptations that allow cutaneous respiration
Wrinkled skin/ skin folds to allow for a larger surface area
Capillaries run very close to the surface
Smaller red blood cells
Transitory filaments
Thinner skin
4 gas exchange organs
Lungs, internal gills, external gills, trachea
4 requirements of respiratory organs
- Moist surface area
- Large surface area
- Close to transport system
- Thin diffusion barrier
What is the importance of moist surfaces?
To dissolve oxygen and maintain the concentration gradient
What physical property allows for a thin diffusion barrier?
Thinner skin or cuticles
