1) Processes of memory

Question 1

What are the four different types of encoding?

Answer 1

Visual encoding
Semantic encoding
Other types: tactile and olfactory

Question 2

What is meant by Encoding?

Answer 2

To convert the information into something that could be stored in the brain.

Question 3

What is meant by Storage?

Answer 3

Holding the information in your brain so that it could be retrieved later.

Question 4

What is meant by Retrieval?

Answer 4

The process of accessing the information that has been stored in your brain before and being able to use it.

Question 5

What are the different types of retrieval?

Answer 5

Recognition: identify the information that’s previously learnt from a number of options
Cued recall: been giving a cue to help you remember
Free recall: remember somehting without any cue/help

Question 6

What is the basic process of memory?

Answer 6

Encoding -> Storage -> Retrieval

Question 7

What are the different types of memory (LTM)? (Give an example for each)

Answer 7

1. Episodic memory: Memory for events from your life and what you have done. (Time-stamped)
   E.g: your birthday party when you were 10
2. Semantic memory: Memory about what things mean
   E.g: knowing that the capital of France is Paris
3. Procedural memory: Memory of how to do things.
   We struggle to consciously explain how to perform these skills but can still do them anyway.
   E.g: driving a car

Question 8

What are declarative and non-declarative memories?

Answer 8

Episodic/semantic memories are declarative memories because they need conscious recall.
Procedural memory doesn’t need conscious recall so is called non-declarative.