1. Principles of Oncology Flashcards
What results in defects in the regulatory circuits of a cell?
-Results in disruption of normal cell proliferation and behavior.
DNA mutations
Individual cells behavior is not autonomous. What does it rely on ?
It relies on external signals from surrounding cells in the tissues or microenvironment.
What are the 4 main categories that contribute to cancer from your life style and environment?
diet
exposure
viruses
age
what type of diet predisposes you to cancer? & what type of cancer is it linked with?
a diet that is
- high fat
- low fiber
linked to
- bowel
- pancreatic
- breast
- prostate cancer
what types of exposures can be linked to cancer?
Exposure to carcinogens and mutagens
- UV light
- cigarette smoke
- alcohol consumption
what types of viruses can be linked to cancer?
- Hepatits B virus- liver cancer
- papillomavirus-man/dog/cats
- HIV-risk of nasopharyngeal /cervical carcinoma/ kapok’s sarcoma
- FIV/FeLV-LSA/sarcomas
why is age linked to cancer?
Because there is alterations in the immune system- there is a decrease in immune surveillance.
With the mechanisms of cancer what phase is rapid and where carcinogen induce DNA damage but not enough to induce neoplastic transformation?
Initiation ( rapid )
With the mechanisms of cancer what phase is where the original carcinogens or normal growth promoters/hormones cause reversible tissue and cellular changes?
Promotions
With the mechanisms of cancer what phase is slow and has progressing agents that are able to irreversibly convert an initiated cell into a cell exhibiting malignancy?
progression (slow)
All (most) cancers come from?
3 distinct cell types
what are the 3 distinct cell types mostly seen in cancer?
round cell
mesenchymal cells
epitheial cells
what is the diagnostic yield (exfoliation) with round cells/
very good
what is the diagnostic yield (exfoliation) with mesenchymal cells ?
ok (sometimes poor)
what is the diagnostic yield (exfoliation) with epithelial cells?
Good
