1. PREGNANCY Flashcards
1
Q
The number of times a woman has been pregnant regardless of the outcome.
A
Gravidity
2
Q
what are the types of gravidity?
A
nulligravida
primigravida
multigravida
3
Q
not/never been pregnant
A
nulligravida
4
Q
first time being pregnant
A
primigravida
5
Q
has been pregnant more than once
A
multigravida
6
Q
- number of times a woman has been pregnant which led to birth
- > 20 weeks AOG
A
parity
7
Q
types of parity
A
nullipara
primipara
multipara
grand multipara
8
Q
never completed pregnancy >20 weeks AOG
A
nullipara
9
Q
delivered A FETUS, >20 weeks AOG
A
primipara
10
Q
completed >2 pregnancies, >20 weeks AOG
A
multipara
11
Q
had at least 5 or more births (live), >20 weeks AOG
A
grand multipara
12
Q
delivered >37 weeks
A
Term
13
Q
delivered 20-36 weeks or <37 weeks
A
preterm
14
Q
no. of abortion, ectopic pregnancies, molar gestations
A
abortion
15
Q
no. of living children
A
live babies
16
Q
obstetric score
A
GP (TPAL)
17
Q
trimester at 14 weeks AOG
A
first trimester
18
Q
trimester at 28 weeks AOG
A
second trimester
19
Q
trimester at 42 weeks AOG
A
third trimester
20
Q
maternal periods at <20 weeks AOG or 500g
A
abortion
21
Q
maternal period at <37 weeks AOG
A
preterm
22
Q
maternal period at 37-42 weeks AOG
A
term
23
Q
maternal period at >42 weeks AOG
A
post-term
24
Q
time after delivery (4-6wks)
A
puerperium
25
interval from birth to 28 days
perinatal period
26
period from birth to 28 days
neonate
27
period from 29 days to 1 year
infant
28
abrupt cessation of menstruation
highly suggestive in healthy reproductive-aged women with cyclical predictive menses
amenorrhea
29
Lower Reproductive Tract & Uterine Changes
at 6-8 wks AOG
chadwick sign
Goodell's sign
hegar's sign
Cervical mucus changes
30
vaginal mucosa becomes dark-bluish red & congested
chadwick sign
31
cervical softening and change in position
Goodell's sign
32
softening of isthmus
Hegar's sign
33
increased progesterone; ferning
cervical mucus changes
34
Breast and Skin Changes at 6-8 weeks AOG
Breast engorgement
Striae
Chloasma/Melasma
Linea nigra
Striae Gravidarum
Spider Telangiectasia
35
increased MSH in breast and skin changes
Striae
36
mask of pregnancy in breast and skin changes
Chloasma/Melasma
37
darkening of the linea alba in breast and skin changes
Linea nigra
38
collagen breakdown in breast and skin changes
Striae Gravidarum
39
increase estrogen in breast and skin changes
Spider talengiectasia
40
Dependent of parity and habitus
fetal movement
41
primigravida fetal movement
18-20 weeks AOG
42
multigravida fetal movement
16-18 weeks AOG
43
basis for endocrine assays of pregnancy
produced by syncytiotrophoblast
main function is to prevent involution of corpus luteum
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)
44
in Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) identical to LH, FSH, TSH
Alpha subunit
45
In Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) used for pregnancy detection
beta subunit
46
transvaginal sonographies
gestational sac
pseudogestational sac
yolk sac
pregnancy of unknown location
47
- Small anechoic fluid collection
- 1st sonographic evidence at 4-5 weeks
- Implants eccentrically in endometrium
gestational sac
48
- Fluid collection with in the endometrial cavity with an ectopic pregnancy
pseudogestational sac
49
- brightly echogenic ring with anechoic center confirms with certainty an intrauterine location for the pregnancy
- Seen at 5th week AOG
yolk sac
50
- If equivocal findings
- Serum serial hCG levels helps to differentiate
pregnancy of unknown location
51
after 6 weeks the embryo is seen as?
Embryo is seen as a linear structure adjacent to yolk sac with cardiac activity
52
at 12 weeks, crown rump length is?
Crown rump length is predictive of gestational age within 4 days
53
how to determine AOG by LMP
add the number of days from LMP to date of consultation then divide by 7 days
54
rule in determining EDD
Naegele rule
55
fetal heart tones is best heard along?
fetal back
56
fetal heart rate
110-160 bpm
57
fetal heart tone method at 5-6weeks
transvaginal sonography
57
fetal heart tone method at 10 weeks
doppler ultrasound
58
fetal heart tone method at 16 weeks
earliest heard with a standard stethoscope
59
fetal heart tone method at 20 weeks
stethoscope in 80% of women
60
fetal heart tone method at 22 weeks
stethoscope in all women
61
Symphysis pubis to fundus
Bladder must be emptied before measuring
20-34 wks gestation, fundic height correlates closely with gestational age in weeks
FUNDIC HEIGHT
62
Symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting
Urinary frequency/urgency
Quickening
Breast enlargement
Signs:
Amenorrhea
Chadwick sign
Chloasma or melasma
Linea nigra
Striae gravidarum
Spider telangiectasia
Breast changes
Thermal changes
presumptive evidence of pregnancy
63
Symptoms:
Abdominal distention
Braxton-Hicks contractions
Signs:
pregnancy test
Abdominal enlargement
Outlining of fetal parts
Hegar sign
Goodell sign
Ballotement
probable evidence of pregnancy
64
Signs:
Fetal heart tones
Perception of fetal movement by examiner
Ultrasound evidence
positive evidence of pregnancy
65
how to determine AOG by LMP
add the number of days from LMP to the date of consultation and then divide by 7 days
66
how to determine EDD using LMP from Jan-March (naegele rule)
LMP + 9 months + 7 days
67
how to determine EDD using LMP from April - Dec (naegele rule)
LMP - 3 months + 7 days + 1 yr
68
fundic height 12 weeks AOG
uterus above pubic symphysis
69
fundic height at 16 weeks AOG
midway bet umbilicus and pubic symphysis
70
fundic height at 20-22 weeks AOG
level of umbilicus
71
fundic height at 28 weeks AOG
bet umbilicus and xiphoid process
72
fundic height at 40 weeks AOG
fundic height decreases
