1 - Physics Review & Gas Laws Flashcards
What force is exerted between molecules in liquid form?
Van der Waals forces
How is “saturated vapor pressure” defined?
The pressure exerted by a vapor when, at any one temperature, an equilibrium is reached at which the same number of molecules are vaporizing as are returning to liquid.
How is “boiling point” defined?
The temperature at which vapor pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure and at which all liquid changes to gas phase
How are vapor pressure and boiling point related?
Inversely
Define the unit “newton (N)”
The force that will give a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 meter/second^2
What is the formula for “force”?
F = ma (mass x acceleration; Newton’s second law)
What is the formula for “pressure”?
P=f/a
What is a pascal (Pa)? What units are generally utilized?
The pressure of 1 newton acting over 1 square meter - N/m^2;
kilopascal (kPa) and psi
What is atmospheric pressure in bars?
1 bar
What is atmospheric pressure in kilopascals?
100 kPa
What is atmospheric pressure in mm of mercury?
760 mmHg
What is atmospheric pressure in cm of water?
1034 cm H2O
What is atmospheric pressure in psi?
14.7 psi
What is 1 kilopascal in mmHg; cm H2O; psi?
7.5 mmHg; 10.34 cmH2O; 0.147 psi
Fill in the blank: Absolute pressure equals ___________ + atmospheric pressure.
gauge pressure
Give 3 examples of gauge pressure
Gas-cylinder pressures, art line pressures, ventilator pressures
What is Boyle’s Law?
At a constant temperature, the volume of a given gas varies inversely with the absolute pressure
Boyle’s Law formula
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
What is the constant in Boyle’s Law?
Temperature
What is Charles’ Law?
At a constant pressure, the volume of a given gas varies directly with the absolute temperature
What is the formula associated with Charles’ Law?
V1/T1 = V2/T2
What is the constant in Charles’ Law?
Pressure
What is absolute zero in Kelvin and degrees Celsius?
0 K and -273 degrees C
What is another name for Gay Lussac’s Law?
3rd Perfect Gas Law
What is Gay Lussac’s Law?
At a constant volume the absolute pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature.
What formula is associated with Gay Lussac’s Law?
P1/T1 = P2/T2
What is the effect of low atmospheric pressure on boiling point?
Low atmospheric pressure leads to low boiling point
What is Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures?
In a mixture of gases the pressure exerted by each gas is the same as that it would exert if it was alone in the container.
What formula represents Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures?
P1 + P2 + P3 = Ptotal
What is Avogadro’s Hypothesis?
Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules (a mole).
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.022 x10^23
What is STP?
Standard Temperature and Pressure with the following conditions: 0 degrees Celsius, 760 mmHg, dry (no water vapor)
How much volume does one mole of any gas occupy at STP?
22.4 liters
What is the Universal Gas Constant?
The gas laws combined with Avogadro’s hypothesis
What is the formula for the Universal Gas Constant?
PV/T = universal gas constant (nR)
n: number of moles
R: constant
What is another name for the Ideal Gas Law?
Universal Gas Law
What is the formula associated with the Universal Gas Law?
PV = nRT
What is “critical temperature”?
The temperature above which no amount of pressure can liquify a gas
What is “critical pressure”?
The pressure to liquify a gas at its critical temperature
Upon what factors does the solubility of a gas in a liquid depend?
Partial pressure of the gas, temperature, type of gas, type of liquid
What is Henry’s Law?
At a certain temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid.