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Pharmacology > 1-Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

1-Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

0
Q

Quantitative processes of pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption, metabolism, distribution. And elimination of xenobiotics

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1
Q

Describes the fate of a cmpd in the doy

A

Pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

Route of administration

A

Topical, enteral, parenteral, and inhalational

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3
Q

Travel of drug across cellular membrane

A

Permeability

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4
Q

Ability of drug to cross cell me,branes..

A

Lipid solubility

NOTE: weak acids/bases are more lipid soluble in the nonionizable form

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5
Q

Ratio of lipid to aqueous solubility; higher partition coefficient more soluble

A

Partition coefficient

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6
Q

Determines percentage of ionization

A

Henderson-hasselbach equation

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7
Q

True or false. Ionization decreases renal clearance of drugs.

A

False.

it INCREASES renal clearance of drugs

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8
Q

True or false. Drug diffusion is usually DOWN a concentration gradient.

A

True

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9
Q

Greater surface area: faster the diffusion is to greater conc gradient:

A

Faster permeation

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10
Q

Density of blood supply and faster blood flow

A

Tissue vascularity

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11
Q

Involves large molec that goes in and out of the cell that uses energy

A

Pinocytosis: Endocytosis

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12
Q

Absorption depends on:

A

Disintegration, dissolution and diffusion

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13
Q

Physicochemical properties of drug

A

Molec wt, ph, lipophilic vs hydrophilic, partition coefficent

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14
Q

Other factors that affect rate and extent of drug absorption

A

Gastric motility, ph at absorptive site, area of absorbing surface, mesenteric blood flow, pre-systemic elimination/first pass

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15
Q

True or false. Increase in blood flow results to increase absrorption.

A

True

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16
Q

Process by which drug reversibly leaves systemic circulation and enters the interstitial space and/or the cells of the tissues

A

Distribution

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17
Q

Drug distribution is affected by:

A

Plasma protein binding
Cardiac output on regional blood flow
Permeability and perfusion of membranes
Systemic disease

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18
Q

True or false.Drugs bound to chon are not readily administered and active.

A

False. It is INactive.

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19
Q

True or false.High vascular organs receive higher oxgen

A

True

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20
Q

Natural barriers of the body

A

Blood brain barrier
Placental barrier
Blood-ocular barrier

21
Q

Prevents distribution of drug to areas where their effects may be dangerous

A

Tissue permeability

22
Q

Decrease plasma albumin in malnutrition, it can result to:

A

Hepatic and renal disease

23
Q

Decrease in pregnancy and post MI during disease states

A

Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein

24
Q

Amount of given drug in the body to the conc of drug in the blood

A

Volume of distribution

25
Q

Volume of distribution formula

A

Total drug in the body/plasma drug conc

26
Q

Measures rate and extent by which drug reaches systemic circulation

A

Bioavailability

27
Q

Biochem factors affecting bioavailability

A

Dosage and physico-chem properties

28
Q

Physiologic factors that affect bioavailability

A

Gastric motility and presystemic metaolism

29
Q

When two related drugs show comparable bioavailability

A

Bioequivalence

30
Q

Two similar drugs have comparable efficacy and safety

A

Therapeutic equivalence

31
Q 
This route gets 100% bioavailability and has most rapid onset.
A) oral
B) rectal
C) subcutaneous
D) Intravenous
A

D) Intravenous

32
Q 
Route of administration that is painful and often feasible in large volumes.
A) intramuscular
B) transdermal
C) subcutaneous
D) intravenous
A

A) intramuscular

33
Q

Responsible for metabolism of most drugs

A

CYT P450 enzymes

34
Q

True or false. Chronic alcoholics have down-regulated their CYt-P450 enzymes.

A

False. It is Up-regulated.

35
Q

Phase II reactions involves

A

Detoxification and makes drug more polar.

36
Q

Activity of drug compared to reference standard

A

Potency

37
Q

Minimum dose which kills 50% of individuals

A

LD 50

38
Q

High or Low. High therapeutic index suggests _________ margin of safety and _________ incidence of side effects.

A

High;low

39
Q

Excretion of unchanged drug or active metabolite

A

Elimination

40
Q

Sites of elimination

A

Liver, kidney, lungs, GI tract, sweat, saliva, tears, breast milk

41
Q

Organ that is the Primary site for drug excretion

A

Kidneys

42
Q

Organ important for excretion of gaseous anesthetics and contributes to paraldehyde excretion

A

lungs (pulmonary excretion)

43
Q

Time required to decrease concentartionof the drug in the plasma by 50%

A

Half life

44
Q 
Drug needs about \_\_\_\_\_ half lives to be completely eliminated from the body.
A) 1-2
B) 2-3
C) 3-4
D) 4-5
A

D) 4-5

45
Q

A constant amount of drug is eliminated over given time period

A

Zero order kinetics

46
Q

A constant fraction of drug is eliminated over given time period

A

First order kinetic

47
Q

Point attained by the drug after approximately 4 hours in order to maintain.

A

Steady state

48
Q

Rate of administration exceeds rate of elimination

A

Drug accumulation

49
Q

Correlates well with elimination of drug

A

Creatinine clearance

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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