1- pharmacodynamics

Question 1

_____ is what the drug does to the body

how drugs interact with and effect biological systems

Answer 1

pharmacodynamics

Question 2

____ is what the body does to the drug

processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination

Answer 2

pharmacokinetics

Question 3

the 2 aims of drug therapy are

Answer 3

1) maximize efficacy
2) minimize adverse effects

Question 4

what 3 approaches are possible when deciding on drug therapy? which is preferred?

Answer 4

1) pathophysiological
2) evidence based (best option)
3) anecdotal

Question 5

if you change the formulation of the drug, typically the ____ stays the same but the _____ changes

Answer 5

pharmacodynamic properties stay the same
pharmacokinetics may change

Question 6

if you were treating gastric ulcers, what are two points in the physiologic pathway of acid production that you might choose to target?

Answer 6

block histamine from binding
inhibit proton pumps (ex- Omeprazole)

Question 7

what are the 2 different types of drug (and toxin) targets

Answer 7

receptor and non receptor targets

Question 8

describe signal transduction

Answer 8

the activation of a downstream molecular cascade by receptor activation

Question 9

what is an agonist?

Answer 9

activates receptor

Question 10

how are partial and full agonists different?

Answer 10

partial agonists activate the receptor, but not to its full capability

Question 11

what is antagonist

Answer 11

prevents receptor activation

Question 12

how does drug selectivity for receptors influence drug efficacy/toxicity?

Question 13

refers to the concentration of the drug required to produce a response

Answer 13

potency

Question 14

E50 is a measure of …

Answer 14

potency

Question 15

refers to how effective a drug is at producing a response

Answer 15

efficacy

Question 16

the magnitude of the maximal response is a measure of…

Answer 16

efficacy

Question 17

why is it clinically important to differentiate between potency and efficacy of a drug

Question 18

if a drug binds reversibly, this means the patient…..

Question 19

if a drug binds irreversibly, this means…..

Answer 19

once binded to the receptor, it does not come off. This means new receptor will need to be made

Question 20

what is the structure-activity relationship of drugs

Answer 20

term for the physical interaction between a drug and its target, and the effect that has on drug target activity (utilized during drug development to improve pharmacodynamics / kinetics)

Question 21

what are the 8 principles of pharmacodynamics

Answer 21

1. drugs act through molecular targets
2. receptor types determine response to many drugs
3. receptors can be turned on or off
4. multiple mechanisms of antagonism exist
5. efficacy and potency are not the same
6. receptors are not static
7. selectivity is important
8. the body tries to maintain homeostasis

Question 22

what are the 4 major types of receptors in order of fastest to slowest response upon activation

Answer 22

ligand gated ion channels
GPCRs
enzyme linked receptors
intracellular receptors

Question 23

what do alpha1 receptors do

Answer 23

vasoconstrict blood vessels

Question 24

what do alpha2 receptors do

Answer 24

vasoconstrict then vasodilate blood vessels

Question 25

what do beta1 receptors do

Answer 25

increase cardiac output of the heart

Question 26

what do beta2 receptors do

Answer 26

vasodilate, and bronchodilate blood vessels

Question 27

what does a beta1 agonist do

Answer 27

increase cardiac output

Question 28

what does a beta1 antagonist do

Answer 28

decrease cardiac output