1. Pathology - introduction to pathology and etiology of disease

Question 1

Define primary, secondary and tertiary prevention

Answer 1

Primary - Reducing or eliminating exposure to risk factors

Secondary - reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred, by early detection

Tertiary - soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. Preserve and improve function and quality of life.

Question 2

Etiological factors can be….

Answer 2

Inherited or acquired

Question 3

What are the 4 groups of DNA related defects

Answer 3

A: Cytogenic disorders (chromosome disorders, Down’s)

B: Mendelian defects (well defined DNA disorders, hemophilia)

C: Multifactorial inheritance (specific pattern of abnormalities predisposes the individual to a particular disease, Diabetes type 1, immune mediated)

D: congenital abnormalities (complex, polygenic causes, anancephaly)

Question 4

What are the 9 classifications of acquired factors of etiology

Answer 4

1. Physical and chemical agents
2. infectious agents
3. Inflammatory process
4. Immune diseases
5. Nutritional deficiency and metabolic diseases
6. Neoplastic disease
7. Psychological factors
8. Iatrogenic factors
9. Idiopathic