1 Overview

Question 1

Waldeyer’s Ring

Answer 1

Ring of Tonsils
Andenoid
Tubal
Palatine
Lingual

Question 2

Mallampati Score

Answer 2

1-4

no phonation

Question 3

Glossoptosis

Answer 3

collapse of oropharynx

tongue drops posteriorly

Question 4

micrognathia

Answer 4

small jaw, mandible

Question 5

prognathism

Answer 5

protruding jaw

Question 6

Larynx: Positioning in Adults & Infants

Answer 6

Adult: between C3-6
Infant: C3-4

Question 7

Normal A-O extension

Answer 7

35 degrees

Question 8

3 compartments of Larynx

Answer 8

Supraglottis
Glottis
Infraglottis

Question 9

Narrowest Portion of Airways

Adult & Peds

Answer 9

Adult: glottis
Peds: 1st cricoid ring

Question 10

Larynx: 3 unpaired cartilages

Answer 10

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

Question 11

Larynx: 3 Paired Cartilages

Answer 11

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

Question 12

Extrinsic Larynx Muscles

Answer 12

move larynx position during swallowing

attach larynx to bone

Question 13

Intrinsic Larynx Muscles

Answer 13

1.) alters shape & size

2. ) move true vocal cords
   - cricothyroid (SLN) tensor of VC
   - thryoarytenoid- relaxor
   - posterior cricoarytenoid - abductor

Question 14

Laryngeal Membranes

Answer 14

Thyrohyoid
Quadrangular
Cricothyroid

Question 15

Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Answer 15

• Extension of Vagus (CNX)
• Internal = sensory –> LARYNGOSPASM
• External = innervation of cricothyroid muscle

Question 16

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Answer 16

• Extension of Vagus (CNX)
• L side passes around aortic arch
• provides sensory innervation to infraglottis & all of larynx except cricothyroid

Question 17

Direct Laryngoscopy Grades 1-4

Answer 17

1: full view
2: some view, can see arytenoids
3: only see epiglottis
4: can’t see shit

Question 18

Sellick Maneuver

Answer 18

pressure to cricoid ring to close of esophagus and better visualize airway

Question 19

Tracheal Anatomy

Answer 19

20-25 c-shaped cartilages

C6-T5, divides into branchse at T5-7

Question 20

Carina

Answer 20

~25 cm below teeth

Question 21

Bronchial Tree

Answer 21

R mainstem is straighter, larger, high incidence of aspir

Question 22

Conducting Airways

Answer 22

anatomical deadspace

ends at respiratory bronchiole (where some exchange does take place)

Question 23

Acinus

Answer 23

sum of all gas exchange segments

Question 24

How does gas exchange occur at alveoli?

Answer 24

Simple Diffusion (high to low)

Question 25

Psuedostratified

Answer 25

1 layer of cells, appears to be more

Question 26

Goblet Cells

Answer 26

mucous producers that line airways

increase with injury

Question 27

Clara Cells

Answer 27

• between small bronchioles that lack goblet cells

- mucous poor, water rich substance

Question 28

Type 1 Pneumocytes

Answer 28

• 95% of alveolar wall
• flat and thin, increase surface area
• cannot repair or regenerate

Question 29

Type 2 Pneumocytes

Answer 29

• secrete surfactant
• repair epithelium, regenerate type 1 cells
• usually mature at 24 weeks gestation

Question 30

Surfactant

Answer 30

1. ) decrease surface tension
2. ) decrease cohesiveness off water
3. ) increase compliance
4. ) prevents alveolar collapse

Question 31

Endothelial Capillaries

Answer 31

line walls for diffusion

Question 32

Macrophages

Answer 32

“clean up crew”

Question 33

Septal Cells (fibroblasts)

Answer 33

maintenance of connective tissues (lung)

Question 34

Mast Cells

Answer 34

produce histamine

Question 35

Please Come Apart

Answer 35

Posterior CricoArytenoid

Question 36

Lets Close Airway

Answer 36

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

Question 37

Cords Tense

Answer 37

Cricothyroid

Question 38

They Relax

Answer 38

Thyroarytenoid