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Oxford AQA iGCSE Biology (9201) > 1. Organisation > Flashcards

1. Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of life in all organisms?

A

Cells

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2
Q

What distinguishes multicellular organisms from unicellular organisms?

A

Multicellular organisms have cells that are differentiated according to their function.

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3
Q

What is growth in organisms a result of?

A

Multiple cell divisions

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4
Q

What controls the activities of an animal cell

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Where do most chemical reactions take place in an animal cell?

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

What part of the animal cell controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

A

Cell Membrane

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7
Q

Where is most energy released in respiration within an animal cell?

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

Where does protein synthesis occur in an animal cell?

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

What structure in plant cells absorbs light energy to make food?

A

Chloroplasts

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10
Q

What type of cell lacks a distinct nucleus and has genes located in circular structures called plasmids?

A

Bacterial cell (prokaryotic cell)

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11
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells with similar structure and function.

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12
Q

What are organ systems?

A

Groups of organs that perform a particular function.

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13
Q

What are examples of animal tissues?

A

Muscular tissue, glandular tissue, epithelial tissue

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14
Q

What are the components of the stomach as an organ?

A

Muscular tissue, glandular tissue, epithelial tissue

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15
Q

What is included in the human digestive system?

A

Glands (pancreas and salivary glands), stomach, small intestine, liver, large intestine

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16
Q

What are examples of plant tissues?

A

Epidermal tissues, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, xylem, phloem

17
Q

What are examples of plant organs?

A

Stems, roots, leaves

18
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

19
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.

20
Q

What is active transport?

A

The absorption of substances against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration.

21
Q

How is the effectiveness of an exchange surface increased in multicellular organisms?

A

By having a large surface area, being thin, having an efficient blood supply (in animals), and being ventilated (for gaseous exchange).

22
Q

How are gas and solute exchange surfaces adapted to maximize effectiveness?

A

Through large surface areas, thin membranes, efficient blood supply, and ventilation in animals.

Oxford AQA iGCSE Biology (9201) (6 decks)

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