1. organic chemistry- the basics

Question 1

general formula

1. what it shows
2. formula for butan-1-ol

Answer 1

1. algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
2. Cn H2n+1 OH

Question 2

empirical formula

1. what it shows
2. formula for butan-1-ol

Answer 2

1. simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
2. C4 H10 O

Question 3

molecular formula

1. what it shows
2. formula for butan-1-ol

Answer 3

1. actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

2. C4 H10 O

Question 4

structural formula

1. what it shows
2. formula for butan-1-ol

Answer 4

1. shows arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon with attached H’s and functional groups
2. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

Question 5

skeletal formula

1. what it shows
2. formula for butan-1-ol

Answer 5

1. shows bonds of the carbon skeleton only with any functional groups.
   2.

Question 6

displayed formula

1. what it shows
2. formula for butan-1-ol

Answer 6

1. shows how all atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them
   2.

Question 7

what is a functional group responsible for

Answer 7

characteristic reactions of a compound

Question 8

what is a homologous series

Answer 8

organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula.
consecutive members differ by -CH2-

Question 9

aromatic compounds contain

Answer 9

a benzene ring

Question 10

aliphatic compounds contain

Answer 10

H and C joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Question 11

if a aliphatic compound contains a non-aromatic ring it is called

Answer 11

alicycylic

Question 12

unsaturates compounds can have

Answer 12

c-c double bonds, triple bonds or aromatic groups

Question 13

alkyl group is

Answer 13

a fragment of a molecule with general fromula CnH2n+1

Question 14

what is the IUPAC system

Answer 14

system for naming organic compounds

an international language for chemistry

Question 15

rules of IUPAC

Answer 15

1. C atoms in longest continuous chain = stem
2. main functional group = prefix or suffix
3. number longest C chain so main functional group has lowest possible number.
4. any side chains/less important functional groups = prefix. put in alphabetical order after number of carbon atom each is attached to.
5. identical side chains functional groups
   di- (2)
   tri- (3)
   tetra (4)

Question 16

for iupac if there is more than one longest C chain pick

Answer 16

the one with the most side chains

Question 17

no of carbons = stem 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Answer 17

1 meth- 
2 eth- 
3 prop- 
4 but- 
5 pent- 
6 hex- 
7 hept- 
8 oct- 
9 non- 
10 dec-

Question 18

2 molecules are isomers if they have

Answer 18

same molecular formula

but atoms are arranged differently

Question 19

2 types of isomers

Answer 19

structural isomers

stereoisomers

Question 20

in structural isomers

Answer 20

molecular formula same

structural formula different (atoms connected in different ways)

Question 21

3 types of structural isomers

Answer 21

chain isomers
positional isomers
functional group isomers

Question 22

chain isomers

1. describe
2. e.g.
3. chemical properties/physical properties?

Answer 22

1. C skeleton can be arranged differently. e.g. a straight chain vs branched in different ways.
2. Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3. Methylpropane CH3CH(CH3)CH3
3. similar chemical properties. physical properties e.g. boiling point different due to change in shape of molecule

Question 23

positional isomers

1. describe
2. e.g.
3. chemical properties/physical properties?

Answer 23

1. skeleton and functional group the same, functional group attached to different C atom
2. butan-1-ol CH3CH2CH2CH2OH Butan-2-olCH3CH2CHOHCH3
3. can have different physical and chemical properties

Question 24

functional group isomers

1. describe
2. e.g.
3. chemical properties/physical properties?

Answer 24

1. same atoms arranged into different functional groups
2. butanoic acid CH3(CH2)2COOH. Methyl propanoate CH3CH2COOCH3
3. very different physical and chemical properties

Question 25

When dealing with isomers REMEMBER

Answer 25

atoms can rotate around single C-C bonds