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Unit 2 - Chemical Reactions > 1: Nomenclature > Flashcards

1: Nomenclature Flashcards

Lesson 1

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nomenclature systems (Brief History)

A

Before the 1700s, chemicals had names that had nothing to do with their chemical formulas
(water, sugar, ammonia, etc.)
It would now be extremely difficult to learn the names of all the compounds if they all had random and unique names!
Fortunately, the International Union of Physical and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has established a logical naming (nomenclature) system

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2
Q

IUPAC system

A

A universal system of naming compounds.

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3
Q

#1: Ionic Compounds

Naming Ionic compounds

A

First part of the name comes from the cation
If cation is multivalent, must indicate charge after the name in brackets using Roman Numerals

Second part comes from the anion
If the anion is an element, its name is modified to end in –ide
If the anion is polyatomic, must determine correct name

ammonium is a cation. this is why ionic compounds arent by metal and non-metal. polyatomic changes the number of oxygens

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4
Q

#1 Ionic compounds

Nitrate formula

Naming polyatomic ions

Polyatomic 1

A

Nitrate: NO3 -

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5
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

Carbonate Formula

Naming polyatomic ions

Polyatomic 2

A

Carbonate: CO3 2-

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6
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

Flourate, Chlorate, Bromate, Iodate

Naming polyatomic ions

Polyatomic 3

A

FO3 -, ClO3 -, BrO3 -, IO3 -

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7
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

Sulfate formula

Naming polyatomic ions

Polyatomic 4

A

Sulfate: SO4 2-

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8
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

Chromate Formula

Naming polyatomic ions

Polyatomic 5

A

Chromate: CrO4 2-

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9
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

Phosphate Formula

Naming polyatomic ions

Polyatomic 6

A

Phospate: PO4 3-

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10
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

Cyanide Formula

Naming polyatomic ions

Polyatomic 7

A

Cyanide CN-

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11
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

Hydroxide Formula

Naming polyatomic ions

Polyatomic 8

A

Hydroxide: OH-

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12
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

Ammonium Formula

Naming polyatomic ions

Polyatomic 9

A

Ammonium: NH4 +

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13
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

x+1

Oxygen numbers: Naming polyatomic ions

Oxygens number 1

A

Per____ate

Ex. Perchlorate (ClO4 -)

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14
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

x

Oxygen numbers: Naming polyatomic ions

Oxygens number 2

A

____ate

Ex. chlorate (ClO3 -)

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15
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

x-1

Oxygen numbers: Naming polyatomic ions

Oxygens number 3

A

____ite

Ex. Chlorite (ClO2 -)

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16
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

x-2

Oxygen numbers: Naming polyatomic ions

Oxygens number 4

A

hypo____ite

Ex. Hypochlorite (ClO -)

17
Q

#1: Ionic compounds

Using Formulas for Naming

A

Aluminum Sulfate
Al3 + , SO3 2-
(Criss Cross Rule)
Chemical formula is Al2(SO3)3

18
Q

#2: Hydrates

Hydrate Definition

A

A hydrate is an ionic compound that includes water molecules within its crystal structure

Example: Copper (ii) sulfate pentahydrate

19
Q

#2: Hydrates

Hydrates-Naming

A

Number of water molecules in the chemical formula matches with the prefix
(Mono,di,tri,tetra,penta,hexa,hepta,octa,nona,deca)

Example: What is the chemical name of NiCl2 * 6H2O

20
Q

#3 Molecular Compounds

Naming Molecular Compounds

A

Even though there are fewer non-metals than metals, there are many more combinations of non-metals resulting in many more molecular compounds!
For example, nitrogen and oxygen alone can form four different compounds: N2O, NO, NO2, and N2O4
The names of molecular compounds include prefixes to indicate the numbers of atoms in the molecular formula
These prefixes are the same ones used for hydrates!

21
Q

#4: Acids

Naming Acids

A

A compound is an acid if its chemical formula starts with one or more** hydrogen** atoms and has the aqueous state symbol (aq)
Water is an exception to this rule!
Acids are strange!
They act like molecular compounds until they are dissolved in water
Once dissolved, they break apart into ions like an ionic compound would!

22
Q

#4- Acids

Binary Acids

A

Binary acids - If the formula of the acid does NOT include oxygen
Start with the prefix hydro- and end with -ic acid

Example: Hydroflouric acid HF (aq)

23
Q

#4- Acids

Oxyacid

A

Oxyacid - If the formula does include oxygen
Name is based on the anion, and does NOT start with hydro-

24
Q

#4-Acids

Oxyacid oxygen atoms: x+1

A

Anion name: per- ate
Acid name: per_ _ic acid

25
Q

#4-Acids

Oxyacid oxygen atoms: x

A

Anion name: -ate
Acid name: ic acid

26
Q

#4-Acids

Oxyacid oxygen atoms: x-1

A

Anion name: -ite
Acid name: -ous acid

27
Q

#4-Acids

Oxyacid oxygen atoms: x-2

A

Anion name: hypo-ite
Acid name: hypo-ous acid

Unit 2 - Chemical Reactions (5 decks)

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