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Anxiety Disorder Modules > 1: Neurobiology of Anxiety Disease > Flashcards

1: Neurobiology of Anxiety Disease Flashcards

1
Q

A neurotransmitter that mediates inhibition in the brain

A

GABA

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2
Q

Anxiety disorders are linked to dysfunctional __________ signaling in the brain

A

GABAergic

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3
Q

Processes fear and response to threats; dysfunctional in individuals with anxiety disorders

A

Brain circuits

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4
Q

Consists of the brain + spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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5
Q

Spinal nerves that transmit motor and sensory signals between cells in the brain, spinal cord, and body

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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6
Q

Consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla

A

Brainstem

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7
Q

Part of the brain that controls motor coordination, speech recognition, posture maintenance, and sensorimotor signaling processing

A

Cerebellum

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8
Q

A bridge of white matter that connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

Corpus Callosum

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9
Q

Comprises the bulk of the brain; right and left hemisphere

A

Cerebrum

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10
Q

The lobe that processes information about taste, touch, temperature, movement, language

A

Parietal Lobe

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11
Q

The lobe that mediates higher-level thought processes and voluntary movement

A

Frontal Lobe

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12
Q

The lobe that contains the primary site of visual processing

A

Occipital Lobe

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13
Q

The lobe that contains the limbic system and regulates memory formation and emotional processes (includes Hippocampus and Amygdala)

A

Temporal Lobe

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14
Q

Relays incoming sensory information to sensory processing areas of the brain

A

Thalamus

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15
Q

Mediates hormone signaling, autonomic functions and brain homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

Contains the Thalamus and Hypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

17
Q

The pathway that mediates physical response to stress

A

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis

18
Q

An electrically excitable cell that transmits information to other cells

A

Neuron

19
Q

Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and basic machinery that cells require in order to function

A

Soma

20
Q

A projection from the soma that acts as a receptor

A

Dendrite

21
Q

Cylindrical structure that carries outgoing - efferent - signals from soma to other neurons

A

Axon

22
Q

The concentration of different ions on either side of the cell membrane that maintains the cell’s overall charge

A

Membrane Potential

23
Q

Electrical signal that transmits messages between brain cells. Voltage-gated ion channels open and close, allowing ions to flow in-out of cell

A

Action Potential

24
Q

Connection point between 2 neurons; enables transmission of electrical signal between cells

A

Synapse

25
Q

Chemical signaling molecules that allow neurons to communicate

A

Neurotransmitters

26
Q

Synaptic receptors that bind and are activated by neurotransmitters

A

Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs)

27
Q

The main excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Glutamate

28
Q

Allow positively charged ions to enter the cell; promotes action potential firing

A

Glutamate receptors

29
Q

Receptors that allow Cl- ions to flow into the postsynaptic cell, resulting in the difficulty of an action potential firing

A

GABAa

30
Q

Neuromodulatory neurotransmitters

A
  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin
  • Norephinephrine
31
Q

Neuromodulator functions

A
  • Social cooperation
  • Attention
  • Decision-making
  • Goal-directed behavior
32
Q

____ % of the population fulfill the diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorder; prevalence highest in people aged 18-25 yrs

A

14%

33
Q

Individuals with GAD, ____% of cases may be inhertied, and as many as ____ % of SAD and PD are potentially genetically linked

A

35%, 50%

34
Q

Individuals with anxiety disorders “_____ _____” to perceived threats and have a heightened stress response overall

A

overly attend

35
Q

Age group in which anxiety disorders are most prevalent

A

18-25 yrs

36
Q

The amygdala is often ______ in patients with anxiety

A

Overactive

37
Q

Subtype: Anxiety of social situations

A

SAD

38
Q

Subtype: Recurrent unexpected panic attacks

A

PD

39
Q

Subtype: Worry that is out of proportion d/t the likelihood of an anticipated event

A

GAD

Anxiety Disorder Modules (2 decks)

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