1. Neuroanatomy Review Flashcards
Name the Divisions of the Nervous System
- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
Name the different types of Neuron and their function.
- Afferent Neurons (Sensory Info from Periph->cns)
- Efferent Neuron (Signals from CNS)
- Interneurons (Most = Relay Neurons in CNS)
What is another term for Refex Arc?
Neural Pathway
What constitutes a Relex Arc?
A reflex arc (AKA a neural pathway), must have
- A Sensory Component
- A Motor Compoment
When is an afferent neurone considered ‘Sensory’?
When the information transmitted reaches a concious level
Name the different types of Nerves.
- Sensory (mostly sensory)
- Motor (mostly motor neurones)
- Mixed (even combination)
From outermost to innermost, list the layers and structures present in peripheral nerves.
Epineurium
Blood Vessels
Fascile
- Perineurium
- Endoneurium
- Myelin Sheath
- Axon
What are the structural divisions of the brain?
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brainstem
Name and describt the structural subdivisions of the cerebrum.
- Lobes
- Gyri and Sulci
Lobes = Named after the overlying skull bone
Gyri (Folds)
Sulci (Furrows) are depressions between Gyri
Where is the Cerebellum Located?
Posterior aspect of Brain
In the Posterior Cranial Fossa
Just Below Occipital Lobes
Posterior to the Brainstem
Bilaterally it is symetrical
What are the main structural subdivisions of the brainstem
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Define ‘Nuclei’ as it relates to neurology
Groups of nerve cell bodies with similiar anotomical connections and functions
Define the term ‘Tract’ as it relates to neurology.
A group of nerve processes within the CNS with common connections and functions following the same course.
(AKA: Fascicules, peduncle, lemniscus)
(Outside the CNS, Tracts = Nerves)
What determines the names of tracts?
The direction of the impulses.
Origin first. Destination second.
e.g. cerebral cortex to spinal cord
= corticospinal tract
What is Grey Matter made up of?
Nerve Cell Bodies & Fibres
What is white matter made up of?
Myelinated fibres
(ascending or descending)
What is the function of the Dorsal Horns?
To recieve axons of sensory (afferent) neurones
What is the function of the Ventral Horns?
Send out the axons of motor (efferent) neurones
(V=Vroom=Motor=Motor is at the front of a car)
What strutural features meet to form a spinal nerve?
- Dorsal Horn (Root)
- Ventral Horn (Root)
Describe the Structure of (most)
Somantic Sensory Pathways
First order (primary neurone)
<em>Axon to the brainstem or spinal cord, cell body of this axon lies in a ganglion. </em>
Second Order (secondary) neurone
<em>Axon (within the CNS) projects to the contralateral side of the thalamus </em>
Third Order Neurone
<em>Cell body is located within a specific nucleus of the thalamus and its axon projects to a specific area of ipsilateral cerebral cortex</em>
Describe the Structure of Motor Pathways
Sequence of two neurones between the cerebral cortex and effector (skeletal muscle)
Upper Motor Neurone
<em>Cell body is located in the motor cortex. Axon projects via the internal capsule to the brainstem (decussate) and is relayed to the ventral horn of the spinal cord.</em>
Lower Motor Neuron
<em>Cell body is located in the ventral horn. Axon projects to the targe muscle unit. </em>
What is the broadest structural subdivisions of the cranial bones?
- Neurocranium (protecting the brain)
- Viscerocranium (bones of the face)
Name the Neurocranial Bones.
State which bones are paired
- Frontal
- Parietal (Paired)
- Temporal (Paired)
- Occipital
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
(PEST of 6)
Name the Viscerocranial Bones.
Identify the bones which are paired.
- Zygomatic (paired)
- Lacrimal (paired)
- Palatine (paired)
- Maxillae (paired)
- Vomer
- Nasal
- Inferior Nasal Chonchal (paired)
- (+Mandibular)
(Zoro Likes Punching My Very Nose In)
