1. Nervous System

Question 1

4 major lobes of the brain

Answer 1

Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital

Question 2

Where is the central sulcus

Answer 2

Medial region of each hemisphere, separating the precentral and postcentral gyri

Question 3

Where is the preoccipital notch

Answer 3

In crease between the occipital lobe and cerebellum

Question 4

Responsibility of frontal association cortex

Answer 4

Intelligence, Mood, Behaviour, Personality, Cognitive function

Question 5

Responsibility of temporal association cortex

Answer 5

Memory, Aggression, Mood, Intelligence

Question 6

Responsibility of parietal association cortex

Answer 6

Spatial skills, 3D recognition (shapes, faces, abstract perception, concepts)

Question 7

Responsibilities of the right hemisphere (typicallY)

Answer 7

Non-verbal communication, emotional expression, spatial skills, conceptual understanding, artistic/musical skills

Question 8

Aphasia

Answer 8

caused by injury to language areas of the cerebral cortex. an inability to use of comprehend words

Question 9

Non-fluent (Brocas) asphasia

Answer 9

Know what you want to say but do not have the ability to say it. Not able to coordinate movement of laryx, pharynx, mouth to produce cohernt speech

Question 10

Fluent (Wernickes) asphasia

Answer 10

Faulty understanding spoken or written words. Do not understand tasks.

Question 11

Where is the Brocas area located and what is its function

Answer 11

In the motor planning area. Coordinated movement of the larynx, pharynx and mouth to produce fluent, smooth, cohernt speech

Question 12

Where is the Exners area located and what is its function

Answer 12

In the motor planning area above the Brocas area. Controls both reading and writing skill ability

Question 13

Where is the Wernickes area located and what is its function

Answer 13

In the superior of the temporal lobe, surrounds the primary auditory cortex. Understanding and interpretation of tones (tonotopic organisation)

Question 14

Where is the primary visual cortex located and what is its function

Answer 14

The occiptial lobe - the calcarine sulcus runs in the middle of it. See’s shapes and categories them

Question 15

Where is the secondary visual cortex located and what is its function

Answer 15

The occipital lobe and the posterior/inferior area of the temporal lobe. Interpreting shapes and giving them meaning

Question 16

What is a fasiculus

Answer 16

A mass of white matter which connects two regions of the brain/spinal cord so that the areas are able to communicate

Question 17

What is the arcuate fasiculus

Answer 17

A bundle of white matter which connects the Brocas to the Wernickes area - allows coordination of the two areas to produce cohernt language.

Question 18

What is the angular and supramarginal gyri

Answer 18

Angular - responsible for writing ability
Supramarginal - responsible for reading ability
Both located next to one another in the partial lobe (the supramarginal gyrus is the more anterior area)

Question 19

The lateral fissure seperates which two lobes of the brain

Answer 19

Frontal from temporal lobe

Question 20

What is agraphia

Answer 20

Caused by damage to the angular gyrus. Difficulty writing, loss of ability to write.

Question 21

What is deafness

Answer 21

Caused by damage to the primary auditory cortex, loss of sound and tones

Question 22

What does the cingulate gyrus do

Answer 22

Relays information from frontal cortex - associated with emotions

Question 23

What does the corpus callosum do

Answer 23

A broad white matter that extends and connects the left and right hemisphere - allows communication

Question 24

Hypothalamus

Answer 24

Controls many body activities, mainly regulates homeostasis by sending chemicals to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland via the infundibulum

Question 25

Which structure carries 50% of the total neurons in the brain

Answer 25

Cerebellum

Question 26

Three structures of the brain stem

Answer 26

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata

Question 27

Three protective structures around spinal cord

Answer 27

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

Question 28

What are the spaces around the protetcive structures of the brain

Answer 28

Epidural space (outside dura mater), subdural space (between dura and arachnoid mater), subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater - carries CSF)

Question 29

What is the cerebral cortex

Answer 29

Outer layer of the brain, composed mainly of grey mater and plays an important role in consciousness