1. mutations

Question 1

define a mutation

Answer 1

a mutation is a random change in DNA that alters the sequences of bases

Question 2

mutations change hte base sequence of DNA which changes the ______

Answer 2

codon

Question 3

what is each codon made from?

Answer 3

three bases

Question 4

what does each codon code for?

Answer 4

an amino acid

Question 5

how are codons on the mRNA complimentary?

Answer 5

they have complimentary anitcodons on the tRNA, which code for amino acids

Question 6

the DNA code is _____

Answer 6

degenerate

Question 7

define degenerate

Answer 7

several codons can code for one amino acid

Question 8

what are the three main mutations

Answer 8

1. substitutions
2. deletions
3. insertions

Question 9

define substitutions

Answer 9

where a base replaces one base with another, MAY CAUSE DIFFERENT SEQUENCE AA CODE

Question 10

define insertions

Answer 10

adding an excess base to the sequence, causing a frameshift, affecting the coding

Question 11

define deletions

Answer 11

the removal of a base from the sequence, causing a frameshift, resulting in different protein being produced

Question 12

what can affect the rate of mutations?

Answer 12

mutagenic agents

Question 13

define mutagenic agents

Answer 13

a physical of chemical factor which has the ability to increase the rate of a mutation

Question 14

mutations can lead to _____ ______

Answer 14

genetic variation